Resumen
Las estatinas, fármacos hipolipemiantes de elección, tienen demostrados efectos beneficiosos en la prevención primaria y secundaria de la enfermedad arterial coronaria, con lo que se reduce la morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, numerosas evidencias científicas, tanto preclínicas como clínicas, permiten sostener que las estatinas presentan una variedad de efectos antiaterogénicos y cardioprotectores más allá de su efecto en el metabolismo lipídico. Estos efectos, mediados en gran medida por su capacidad para bloquear la síntesis de importantes intermediarios isoprenoides, han abierto nuevas perspectivas al uso terapéutico de estos fármacos.
En este artículo se revisan en profundidad las propiedades protectoras de las estatinas, dependientes e independientes de la reducción del colesterol, y se analiza la utilidad de las estatinas en distintos escenarios clínicos de enfermedad arterial, como el síndrome coronario agudo, los procesos de revascularización, la insuficiencia cardiaca, los accidentes cerebrovasculares y la enfermedad arterial periférica.
Palabras clave
Estatinas
Lipoproteínas
Isoprenoides
Aterosclerosis
Isquemia
Cardiovascular
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