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Vol. 5. Núm. D.
Síndrome metabólico: Retos y esperanzas
Páginas 21D-29D (Octubre 2005)
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Vol. 5. Núm. D.
Síndrome metabólico: Retos y esperanzas
Páginas 21D-29D (Octubre 2005)
Síndrome metabólico: retos y esperanzas
Acceso a texto completo
Obesidad, dislipemia y síndrome metabólico
Obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome
Visitas
1569
Emilio Luengo Fernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
emilio.luengo@terra.es

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Luengo Fernández. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital General de la Defensa. Vía Ibérica, 1,15. 50009 Zaragoza. España.
, Beatriz Ordóñez Rubiob, Clara Bergua Martínezb, Martín Laclaustra Gimenoc
a Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital General de la Defensa. Zaragoza. España
b Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Zaragoza. España
c Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Zaragoza. España
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El síndrome metabólico (SM) define una enfermedad centrada en la resistencia insulínica (RI) y en la que se encuentra implicado el tejido adiposo disfuncionante. Las alteraciones del metabolismo glucolipídico tienen un componente genético y son favorecidas por la inactividad física y la obesidad.

En la actualidad, la obesidad es un problema de salud con una alta prevalencia y múltiples repercusiones orgánicas. El aumento del sobrepeso infantil es especialmente llamativo. El papel de la obesidad como factor de riesgo independiente para la enfermedad cardiovascular es controvertido, ya que, en parte, se explica por factores de riesgo clásicos asociados a ella.

La dislipemia característica del SM, la hipertrigliceridemia con cifras bajas de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad, es consecuencia de la hiperinsulinemia en el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas. Aunque la elevación de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad no es característica del SM, la presencia de cambios en su composición sí lo es y da lugar a las denominadas SDLDL, más pequeñas, densas y aterogénicas.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Dislipemia
Síndrome metabólico

Insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome, though adipose tissue abnormalities may also be involved. Physical inactivity and excessive weight can lead to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with a genetic predisposition to insulin resistance. Today, obesity is a serious public health problem, in children as well as adults. Whether or not being overweight is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease is controversial, since it is associated with more traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The dyslipidemia typical of the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a high triglyceride level with a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, results from the effect of hyperinsulinemia on lipoprotein metabolism. However, an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is not characteristic of the syndrome. Nevertheless, structural changes occur in LDL cholesterol particles, which become smaller, more dense and more atherogenic.

Key words:
Obesity
Dyslipidemia
Metabolic syndrome
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