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Vol. 6. Núm. D.
Utilidad terapéutica de los ácidos grasos omega-3
Páginas 31D-37D (junio 2006)
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Vol. 6. Núm. D.
Utilidad terapéutica de los ácidos grasos omega-3
Páginas 31D-37D (junio 2006)
Utilidad terapéutica de los ácidos grasos omega-3
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Efectos antitrombóticos y antiinflamatorios de los ácidos grasos omega-3
Antithrombotic and Antiinflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
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4526
Antonio López Farré
Autor para correspondencia
lcarinv.hcsc@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: Dr. A. López Farré. Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Prof. Martín Lagos, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España.
, Carlos Macaya
Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular. Instituto Cardiovascular. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. España
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Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la dieta pueden clasificarse en dos tipos: ácidos grasos omega-3 (n-3) y ácidos grasos omega-6 (n-6). Los ácidos grasos n-3 se metabolizan en el organismo dando lugar a diferentes ácidos grasos n-3, y los de un mayor interés desde el punto de vista cardiovascular son los de cadena larga (PUFA n-3).

Tres mecanismos principales parecen estar involucrados en el efecto protector cardiovascular de los ácidos grasos n-3: su efecto antiinflamatorio, su efecto antitrombótico y su acción antiarrítmica. En cuanto a su efecto antitrombótico, hay datos experimentales que indican que la ingesta de ácidos grasos omega-3 tiene un efecto antitrombótico principalmente mediado por una reducción en la formación de tromboxano. Se disponde de datos sobre su efecto antiinflamatorio que demuestran la reducción en la expresión de proteínas de adhesión. Sin embargo, en los estudios de intervención dietética en humanos estos 2 efectos no se repiten de forma consistente en todos los estudios publicados. En esta revisión se analizan los diferentes mecanismos de acción antitrombótica y antiinflamatoria de los ácidos grasos omega-3.

Palabras clave:
Ácidos grasos omega-3
Plaquetas
Leucocitos
Inflamación
Tromboxano A2
Abreviaturas:
DHA
DPA
EPA
ICAM-1
MCP-1
PAF
PF4
PGH2
PGI2
PPAR-γ
PUFA
VCAM-1

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can be classified into two main subtypes: omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are metabolized in the body into a variety of other omega-3 fatty acids. From the point of view of cardiovascular disease, the most relevant are long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs). The cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids appear to result from three main mechanisms: anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and anti-arrhythmic mechanisms. With regard to the compounds’ antithrombotic effects, experimental findings indicate that intake of omega-3 fatty acids reduces thromboxane A2 synthesis. The antiinflammatory properties of omega-3 PUFAs seem to be related to their ability to downregulate expression of adhesion proteins. However, these antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects have not been consistently observed in dietary modification studies in humans. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of action by which omega-3 fatty acids could exert their antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Key words:
Omega-3 fatty acids
Platelets
Leukocytes
Inflammation
Thromboxane A2
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