El consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3, como el ácido eicosapentanoico (EPA) y el ácido docosahexanoico (DHA), derivados de alimentos marinos y de plantas ha demostrado, en estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos, que reduce la incidencia de mortalidad coronaria y la muerte por arritmias. Recientemente, un suplemento que contiene una concentración del 90% de ácidos omega-3 (EPA y DHA) en forma de etil ésteres (Omacor®) ha sido autorizado como tratamiento adjunto a la dieta para reducir la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes adultos y, también, como tratamiento adjunto a la dieta y a otros tratamientos en la prevención secundaria del infarto de miocardio. En este artículo, en primer lugar, revisamos la estructura química, las acciones farmacológicas y los mecanismos por los cuales los ácidos grasos n-3 y, en particular, el Omacor ®, pueden reducir el riesgo de muerte cardiovascular. A continuación, se analizan las propiedades farmacocinéticas, la seguridad y las recomendaciones de diversos organismos para administrar suplementos de EPA+DHA u Omacor® en los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Palabras clave
Ácidos grados omega-3
Dieta
Cardiopatía isquémica
EPA
DHA
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