La diabetes mellitus (DM) y en particular el tipo 2, que representa alrededor del 90% del total, es un problema de salud pública de gran dimensión, tanto por su elevada y cada vez mayor prevalencia, como por sus consecuencias cardiovasculares. El proceso aterosclerótico se acelera en la hiperglucemia y la insulinorresistencia (IR). La obesidad predispone a la DM2, la HTA, la dislipidemia y la ateromatosis y se asocia con IR y respuestas proinflamatorias que conducen a intolerancia hidrocarbonada (IH) y a un perfil aterogénico. La disfunción endotelial y las moléculas de adhesión han sido factores desconocidos hasta hace pocos años, y que parecen desempeñar un papel significativo en el binomio hiperglucemia/aterosclerosis. La incidencia de insuficiencia cardiaca es mayor en la hiperglucemia/DM, tanto por lesión coronaria como por miocardiopatía. En la actualidad, existen multiples fármacos cuyas dianas son la aterosclerosis y/o la hiperglucemia, manifestaciones que pueden ser iniciales o tardías, respectivamente, en la evolución de la DM tipo 2; la morbimortalidad se ha reducido significativamente en los últimos decenios.
Palabras clave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Obesidad abdominal
Dislipidemia aterogénica
Sintetasa del óxido nítrico
Moléculas de adhesión
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