Los fármacos antiplaquetarios y anticoagulantes desempeñan un papel fundamental en el tratamiento de los síndromes coronarios agudos, ya que la trombosis coronaria es el proceso que los desencadena. A su vez, el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo, el tratamiento de elección en un gran porcentaje de pacientes con este síndrome, supone también un potente estímulo para la activación de las plaquetas y de la coagulación.
En este artículo se describe brevemente la activación y agregación plaquetarias y la activación de la coagulación. También se analizan los fármacos antitrombóticos utilizados en el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo y se describen sus mecanismos de acción, dosis, indicaciones y efectos secundarios, en pacientes con cardiopatía estable e inestable.
Palabras clave
Aspirina
Ticlopidina
Clopidogrel
Antagonistas de los receptores de la glucoproteína IIb/IIIa
Heparina
Bivalirudina
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