Resumen
Una de las manifestaciones más frecuentes de la enfermedad aterosclerótica, verdadera plaga de la sociedad moderna, es su manifestación clínica a través de eventos cardiovasculares (infarto de miocardio, infarto cerebral) sin síntomas previos que sirvan de aviso, lo cual pone de relieve la importancia trascendental que adquiere la posible identificación de individuos en riesgo. La piedra angular de todas las estrategias preventivas ha sido la identificación de los pacientes en riesgo mediante el uso de escalas de riesgo cardiovascular, como Framingham, SCORE, REGICOR, QRISK, Reynolds, etc., y el manejo adecuado de los factores de riesgo. Dicha aproximación se ve limitada por la incompleta exactitud de las escalas de riesgo cardiovascular, su uso no universal y el incumplimiento terapéutico de los pacientes. En los pacientes en riesgo intermedio, se puede estratificar aún más su valoración de riesgo mediante técnicas de imagen no invasiva o el uso de biomarcadores. En la presente revisión, se realiza una aproximación conceptual a la identificación del riesgo cardiovascular generada por los diferentes biomarcadores y técnicas de imagen en la detección de aterosclerosis subclínica.
Palabras clave
Accidente cerebrovascular
Análisis coste-beneficio
Diagnóstico
Factores de riesgo
Infarto de miocardio
Lipoproteínas de baja densidad
Medicina molecular
Péptidos natriuréticos
Pronóstico
Proteína C reactiva
Resonancia magnética
Tomografía
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