El síndrome metabólico (SM) define una enfermedad centrada en la resistencia insulínica (RI) y en la que se encuentra implicado el tejido adiposo disfuncionante. Las alteraciones del metabolismo glucolipídico tienen un componente genético y son favorecidas por la inactividad física y la obesidad.
En la actualidad, la obesidad es un problema de salud con una alta prevalencia y múltiples repercusiones orgánicas. El aumento del sobrepeso infantil es especialmente llamativo. El papel de la obesidad como factor de riesgo independiente para la enfermedad cardiovascular es controvertido, ya que, en parte, se explica por factores de riesgo clásicos asociados a ella.
La dislipemia característica del SM, la hipertrigliceridemia con cifras bajas de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad, es consecuencia de la hiperinsulinemia en el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas. Aunque la elevación de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad no es característica del SM, la presencia de cambios en su composición sí lo es y da lugar a las denominadas SDLDL, más pequeñas, densas y aterogénicas.
Palabras clave
Obesidad
Dislipemia
Síndrome metabólico
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