ISSN: 1885-5857 Impact factor 2023 7.2
Vol. 77. Num. 5.
Pages 372-380 (May 2024)

Original article
Cardiovascular health in Spain based on the Life's Essential 8 and its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the ENRICA cohort

Salud cardiovascular en España basada en el Life's Essential 8 y su asociación con mortalidad general y cardiovascular: la cohorte ENRICA

Alba Hernández-MartínezabMiguel Angelo Duarte-JuniorcMercedes Sotos-PrietocdefRosario OrtolácdJosé R. BanegascdFernando Rodríguez-ArtalejocdeAlberto Soriano-MaldonadoabDavid Martínez-Gómezcde
Rev Esp Cardiol. 2024;77:381-210.1016/j.rec.2023.10.015
Ferran Augé-Bailac, Xavier Rosselló

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Rev Esp Cardiol. 2024;77:372-80
Abstract
Introduction and objectives

The American Heart Association has recently developed the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score to encourage prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed the distribution of LE8 in the Spanish adult population and its association with all-cause and CVD death.

Methods

We used data from 11 616 individuals aged 18 years and older (50.5% women) from the ENRICA study, recruited between 2008 and 2010 and followed up until 2020 to 2022. The LE8 score includes 8 metrics (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids and glucose, and blood pressure) and ranges from 0 to 100. The association of LE8 score with mortality was summarized with hazard ratios (HR), obtained from Cox regression.

Results

In total, 13.2% of participants (range, 6.1%-16.9% across regions) had low cardiovascular health (LE8 ≤ 49). During a median follow-up of 12.9 years, 908 total deaths occurred, and, during a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 207 CVD deaths were ascertained. After adjustment for the main potential confounders and compared with being in the least healthy (lowest) quartile of LE8, the HR (95%CI) of all-cause mortality for the second, third and fourth quartiles were 0.68 (0.56-0.83), 0.63 (0.51-0.78), and 0.53 (0.39-0.72), respectively. The corresponding figures for CVD mortality, after accounting for competing mortality risks, were 0.62 (0.39-0.97), 0.55 (0.32-0.93), and 0.38 (0.16-0.89).

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of the Spanish population showed low cardiovascular health. A higher LE8 score, starting from the second quartile, was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality.

Keywords

Cardiovascular health
Cardiovascular diseases
American Heart Association
Risk factors
Healthy lifestyle
Primordial prevention
Cohort studies
Life's Essential 8

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