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Available online 26 April 2024
Mortality attributable to secondhand smoke exposure in the autonomous communities of Spain
Mortalidad atribuida a la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en las comunidades autónomas de España
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Julia Rey-Brandariza,b, Carla Guerra-Torta,
Corresponding author
carla.guerra.tort@usc.es

Corresponding author.
, Diana Carolina López-Medinaa,c,d, Guadalupe Garcíaa, Ana Teijeiroa, Raquel Casal-Fernándeza, Cristina Candal-Pedreiraa,b, Leonor Varela-Lemaa,b,e, Alberto Ruano-Ravinaa,b,e, Mónica Pérez-Ríosa,b,e
a Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
b Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
c Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
d Fundación Carolina, Madrid, Spain
e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Table 1. Mortality attributable to secondhand smoke with 95%CIs, population attributable fractions (PAFs), and crude mortality rates (per 100 000 inhabitants). The results are shown by sex, cause of death, and autonomous community
Table 2. Mortality attributable to secondhand smoke with 95%CIs. The results are shown by smoking status, sex, and autonomous community
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) causes cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the mortality attributed to SHS in people aged ≥ 35 years in Spain and its autonomous communities (AC) by sex from 2016 to 2021.

Methods

Estimates of SHS-attributable mortality were calculated by applying the prevalence-dependent method where SHS exposure was derived from the adjustment of small-area models and based on the calculation of population-attributed fractions. Sex, age group, AC, and cause of death (ischemic heart disease and lung cancer) were included. The estimates of attributed mortality are presented with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Crude and age-standardized rates were estimated for each sex and AC.

Results

From 2016 to 2021, SHS exposure caused 4,970 (95%CI, 4,787-5,387) deaths, representing 1.6% of total mortality for ischemic heart disease and lung cancer. The burden of attributed mortality differed widely among the AC, with Andalusia having the highest burden of attributed mortality (crude rate: 46.6 deaths per 100 000 population in men and 17.0/100 000 in women). In all the AC, the main cause of death in both sexes was ischemic heart disease. The highest burden of mortality was observed in nonsmokers.

Conclusions

The burden of SHS-attributable mortality was high and varied geographically. The results of this study should be considered to advance tobacco control legislation in Spain.

Keywords:
Secondhand smoke
Mortality
Spain
Ischemic heart disease
Lung cancer
Abbreviations:
COPD
PAF
SHS
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT) produce enfermedad cardiovascular y respiratoria y cáncer. En este estudio se estima la mortalidad atribuida (MA) a la exposición al HAT en personas de edad ≥ 35 años en España y sus comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) por sexo en el periodo 2016-2021.

Métodos

Se aplicó un método dependiente de prevalencias de exposición al HAT derivadas del ajuste de modelos de áreas pequeñas y con base en el cálculo de fracciones atribuidas poblacionales. Se tuvieron en cuenta el sexo, la edad, la comunidad autónoma y la causa de muerte (cardiopatía isquémica y cáncer de pulmón). Las estimaciones de MA se presentan acompañadas de su intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Se estimaron las tasas brutas y estandarizadas por edad para cada sexo y comunidad autónoma.

Resultados

En 2016-2021 la exposición al HAT causó 4.970 (IC95%, 4.787-5.387) muertes, lo que representa el 1,6% de la mortalidad total por cardiopatía isquémica y cáncer de pulmón. La carga de MA difiere entre CC.AA., y Andalucía es la que presenta la mayor carga (tasas brutas, 46,6 muertes/100.000 en varones y 17,0/100.000 en mujeres). La cardiopatía isquémica fue la causa de muerte principal en ambos sexos y en todas las CC.AA. La mayor carga de MA se observó en los no fumadores.

Conclusiones

La carga de MA al HAT es elevada y varía entre regiones. Se deben tener en cuenta los resultados de este estudio para avanzar en legislación de control del tabaquismo en España.

Palabras clave:
Humo ambiental de tabaco
Mortalidad
España
Cardiopatía isquémica
Cáncer de pulmón

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