Información del artículo
Texto completo
REFERENCIAS NO CITADAS
Bibliografía
[1]
C.W. Hamm, J.P. Bassand, S. Agewall, J. Bax, E. Boersma, H. Bueno, et al.
ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 2999-3054
[2]
P. Greenland, J.S. Alpert, G.A. Beller, E.J. Benjamin, M.J. Budoff, Z.A. Fayad, et al.
2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 56 (2010), pp. e50-e103
[3]
K. Fox, M.A. Garcia, D. Ardissino, P. Buszman, P.G. Camici, F. Crea, et al.
Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology.
Eur Heart J., 27 (2006), pp. 1341-1381
[4]
R.J. Gibbons, K. Chatterjee, J. Daley, J.S. Douglas, S.D. Fihn, J.M. Gardin, et al.
ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina).
J Am Coll Cardiol., 33 (1999), pp. 2092-2197
[5]
L. Campeau.
The Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris revisited 30 years later.
Can J Cardiol., 18 (2002), pp. 371-379
[6]
J.L. Anderson, C.D. Adams, E.M. Antman, C.R. Bridges, R.M. Califf, D.E. Casey Jr., et al.
ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in col***laboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 50 (2007), pp. e1-e157
[7]
K. Thygesen, J.S. Alpert, A.S. Jaffe, M.L. Simoons, B.R. Chaitman, H.D. White.
Third universal definition of myocardial infarction.
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 2551-2567
[8]
G. Ndrepepa, S. Braun, J. Mehilli, K.A. Birkmeier, R.A. Byrne, I. Ott, et al.
Prognostic value of sensitive troponin T in patients with stable and unstable angina and undetectable conventional troponin.
Am Heart J., 161 (2011), pp. 68-75
[9]
T. Omland, J.A. De Lemos, M.S. Sabatine, C.A. Christophi, M.M. Rice, K.A. Jablonski, et al.
A sensitive cardiac troponin T assay in stable coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 361 (2009), pp. 2538-2547
[10]
F. Crea.
Chronic ischaemic heart disease En: ESC textbook of cardiology.
Oxford University Press, (2010),
[11]
F. Crea, G. Pupita, A.R. Galassi, H. El-Tamimi, J.C. Kaski, G. Davies, et al.
Role of adenosine in pathogenesis of anginal pain.
Circulation., 81 (1990), pp. 164-172
[12]
G.A. Rose, H. Blackburn.
Cardiovascular survey methods.
Monogr Ser World Health Organ., 56 (1968), pp. 1-188
[13]
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Morbidity & Mortality: 2012 Chart Book on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases. Bethesda: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2012.
[14]
S.E. Reis, R. Holubkov, A.J. Conrad Smith, S.F. Kelsey, B.L. Sharaf, N. Reichek, et al.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI WISE study.
Am Heart J., 141 (2001), pp. 735-741
[15]
S.H. Han, J.H. Bae, D.R. Holmes Jr., R.J. Lennon, E. Eeckhout, G.W. Barsness, et al.
Sex differences in atheroma burden and endothelial function in patients with early coronary atherosclerosis.
Eur Heart J., 29 (2008), pp. 1359-1369
[16]
H. Hemingway, A. McCallum, M. Shipley, K. Manderbacka, P. Martikainen, I. Keskimaki.
Incidence and prognostic implications of stable angina pectoris among women and men.
JAMA., 295 (2006), pp. 1404-1411
[17]
P. Ducimetiere, J.B. Ruidavets, M. Montaye, B. Haas, J. Yarnell.
Five-year incidence of angina pectoris and other forms of coronary heart disease in healthy men aged 50-59 in France and Northern Ireland: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) Study.
Int J Epidemiol., 30 (2001), pp. 1057-1062
[18]
V.L. Roger, A.S. Go, D.M. Lloyd-Jones, E.J. Benjamin, J.D. Berry, W.B. Borden, et al.
Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
Circulation., 125 (2012), pp. e2-e220
[19]
P. Ong, A. Athanasiadis, G. Borgulya, H. Mahrholdt, J.C. Kaski, U. Sechtem.
High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA Study (Abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries).
J Am Coll Cardiol., 59 (2012), pp. 655-662
[20]
KittaY, J.E. Obata, NakamuraT, M. Hirano, KodamaY, D. Fujioka, et al.
Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function has a negative impact on outcome in patients with coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 53 (2009), pp. 323-330
[21]
M. Gulati, R.M. Cooper-DeHoff, C. McClure, B.D. Johnson, L.J. Shaw, E.M. Handberg, et al.
Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project.
Arch Intern Med., 169 (2009), pp. 843-850
[22]
L. Jespersen, A. Hvelplund, S.Z. Abildstrom, F. Pedersen, S. Galatius, J.K. Madsen, et al.
Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events.
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 734-744
[23]
W.E. Boden, R.A. O’Rourke, K.K. Teo, P.M. Hartigan, D.J. Maron, W.J. Kostuk, et al.
Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease.
N Engl J Med., 356 (2007), pp. 1503-1516
[24]
S.C. Chung, M.A. Hlatky, D. Faxon, K. Ramanathan, D. Adler, A. Mooradian, et al.
The effect of age on clinical outcomes and health status BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes).
J Am Coll Cardiol., 58 (2011), pp. 810-819
[25]
R.L. Frye, P. August, M.M. Brooks, R.M. Hardison, S.F. Kelsey, J.M. MacGregor, et al.
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 360 (2009), pp. 2503-2515
[26]
R.A. Henderson, S.J. Pocock, T.C. Clayton, R. Knight, K.A. Fox, D.G. Julian, et al.
Sevenyear outcome in the RITA-2 trial: coronary angioplasty versus medical therapy.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 42 (2003), pp. 1161-1170
[27]
P.A. Poole-Wilson, J. Lubsen, B.A. Kirwan, F.J. Van Dalen, G. Wagener, N. Danchin, et al.
Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with stable angina requiring treatment (ACTION trial): randomised controlled trial.
Lancet., 364 (2004), pp. 849-857
[28]
P.G. Steg, N. Greenlaw, J.C. Tardif, M. Tendera, I. Ford, S. Kaab, et al.
Women and men with stable coronary artery disease have similar clinical outcomes: insights from the international prospective CLARIFY registry.
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 2831-2840
[29]
C.A. Daly, B. De Stavola, J.L. Sendon, L. Tavazzi, E. Boersma, F. Clemens, et al.
Predicting prognosis in stable angina: results from the Euro Heart Survey of stable angina: prospective observational study.
BMJ., 332 (2006), pp. 262-267
[30]
P.G. Steg, D.L. Bhatt, P.W. Wilson, R. D’Agostino Sr., E.M. Ohman, J. Rother, et al.
Oneyear cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis.
JAMA., 297 (2007), pp. 1197-1206
[31]
O. Bayturan, S. Kapadia, S.J. Nicholls, E.M. Tuzcu, M. Shao, K. Uno, et al.
Clinical predictors of plaque progression despite very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 55 (2010), pp. 2736-2742
[32]
A.K. Chhatriwalla, S.J. Nicholls, T.H. Wang, K. Wolski, I. Sipahi, T. Crowe, et al.
Lowlevels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 53 (2009), pp. 1110-1115
[33]
R.A. Kronmal, R.L. McClelland, R. Detrano, S. Shea, J.A. Lima, M. Cushman, et al.
Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
Circulation., 115 (2007), pp. 2722-2730
[34]
S.J. Nicholls, A. Hsu, K. Wolski, B. Hu, O. Bayturan, A. Lavoie, et al.
Intravascular ultrasound-derived measures of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and clinical outcome.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 55 (2010), pp. 2399-2407
[35]
J. Pekkanen, S. Linn, G. Heiss, C.M. Suchindran, A. Leon, B.M. Rifkind, et al.
Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease.
N Engl J Med., 322 (1990), pp. 1700-1707
[36]
O. Bayturan, E.M. Tuzcu, K. Uno, A.J. Lavoie, T. Hu, A. Shreevatsa, et al.
Comparison of rates of progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus versus those with the metabolic syndrome.
Am J Cardiol., 105 (2010), pp. 1735-1739
[37]
J. Perk, G. De Backer, H. Gohlke, I. Graham, Z. Reiner, M. Verschuren, et al.
European Guidelines oncardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR).
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 1635-1701
[38]
P. Frey, D.D. Waters, D.A. DeMicco, A. Breazna, L. Samuels, A. Pipe, et al.
Impact ofsmoking on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease receiving contemporary medical therapy (from the Treating to New Targets [TNT] and the Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering [IDEAL] trials).
Am J Cardiol., 107 (2011), pp. 145-150
[39]
Y. Otaki, H. Gransar, D.S. Berman, V.Y. Cheng, D. Dey, F.Y. Lin, et al.
Impact of family history of coronary artery disease in young individuals (from the CONFIRM registry).
Am J Cardiol., 111 (2013), pp. 1081-1086
[40]
S.J. Nicholls, C.M. Ballantyne, P.J. Barter, M.J. Chapman, R.M. Erbel, P. Libby, et al.
Effect of two intensive statin regimens on progression of coronary disease.
N Engl J Med., 365 (2011), pp. 2078-2087
[41]
M.B. Mock, I. Ringqvist, L.D. Fisher, K.B. Davis, B.R. Chaitman, N.T. Kouchoukos, et al.
Survival of medically treated patients in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry.
Circulation., 66 (1982), pp. 562-568
[42]
P.J. Harris, F.E. Harrell Jr., K.L. Lee, V.S. Behar, R.A. Rosati.
Survival in medically treated coronary artery disease.
Circulation., 60 (1979), pp. 1259-1269
[43]
A. Diaz, BourassaMG, M.C. Guertin, J.C. Tardif.
Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease.
Eur Heart J., 26 (2005), pp. 967-974
[44]
R.M. Califf, P.W. Armstrong, J.R. Carver, R.B. D’Agostino, W.E. Strauss.
27th Bethesda Conference: matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force 5. Stratification of patients into high, medium and low risk subgroups for purposes of risk factor management.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 27 (1996), pp. 1007-1019
[45]
R.M. Califf, D.B. Mark, F.E. Harrell Jr., M.A. Hlatky, K.L. Lee, R.A. Rosati, et al.
Importance of clinical measures of ischemia in the prognosis of patients with documented coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 11 (1988), pp. 20-26
[46]
K.H. Ladwig, G. Roll, G. Breithardt, T. Budde, M. Borggrefe.
Post-infarction depression and incomplete recovery 6 months after acute myocardial infarction.
Lancet., 343 (1994), pp. 20-23
[47]
N. Frasure-Smith, F. Lesperance, M. Talajic.
Depression following myocardial infarction. Impact on 6-month survival.
JAMA, 270 (1993), pp. 1819-1825
[48]
E.A. Amsterdam, J.D. Kirk, D.A. Bluemke, D. Diercks, M.E. Farkouh, J.L. Garvey, et al.
Testing of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
Circulation., 122 (2010), pp. 1756-1776
[49]
T.P. Lockie, M.C. Rolandi, A. Guilcher, D. Perera, K. De Silva, R. Williams, et al.
Synergistic adaptations to exercise in the systemic and coronary circulations that underlie the warm-up angina phenomenon.
Circulation., 126 (2012), pp. 2565-2574
[50]
G.A. Diamond.
A clinically relevant classification of chest discomfort.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 1 (1983), pp. 574-575
[51]
G.A. Lanza, A. Sestito, G.A. Sgueglia, F. Infusino, M. Manolfi, F. Crea, et al.
Current clinical features, diagnostic assessment and prognostic determinants of patients with variant angina.
Int J Cardiol., 118 (2007), pp. 41-47
[52]
G.A. Lanza, F. Crea.
Primary coronary microvascular dysfunction: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management.
Circulation., 121 (2010), pp. 2317-2325
[54]
S. Boesner, J. Haasenritter, A. Becker, K. Karatolios, P. Vaucher, B. Gencer, et al.
Ruling out coronary artery disease in primary care: development and validation of a simple prediction rule.
CMAJ., 182 (2010), pp. 1295-1300
[55]
S. Boesner, A. Becker, M. Abu Hani, H. Keller, A.C. Sonnichsen, J. Haasenritter, et al.
Accuracy of symptoms and signs for coronary heart disease assessed in primary care.
Br J Gen Pract., 60 (2010), pp. e246-e257
[56]
M. Madjid, O. Fatemi.
Components of the complete blood count as risk predictors for coronary heart disease: in-depth review and update.
Tex Heart Inst J., 40 (2013), pp. 17-29
[57]
L. Ryden, P.J. Grant, S.D. Anker, C. Berne, F. Cosentino, N. Danchin, et al.
ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in col***laboration with the EASD: The Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in col***laboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
Eur Heart J., 34 (2013), pp. 3035-3087
[58]
M. Bartnik, L. Ryden, K. Malmberg, J. Ohrvik, K. Pyorala, E. Standl, et al.
Euro Heart Survey I. Oral glucose tolerance test is needed for appropriate classification of glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart.
Heart., 93 (2007), pp. 72-77
[59]
M. Lenzen, L. Ryden, J. Ohrvik, M. Bartnik, K. Malmberg, O.P. Scholte, et al.
Diabetes known or newly detected, but not impaired glucose regulation, has a negative influence on 1-year outcome in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart.
Eur Heart J., 27 (2006), pp. 2969-2974
[60]
E. Selvin, M.W. Steffes, H. Zhu, K. Matsushita, L. Wagenknecht, J. Pankow, et al.
Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults.
N Engl J Med., 362 (2010), pp. 800-811
[61]
H.C. Gerstein, S. Islam, S. Anand, W. Almahmeed, A. Damasceno, A. Dans, et al.
Dysglycaemia and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in multiple ethnic groups: an analysis of 15,780 patients from the INTERHEART study.
Diabetologia., 53 (2010), pp. 2509-2517
[62]
Z. Reiner, A.L. Catapano, G. De Backer, I. Graham, M.R. Taskinen, O. Wiklund, et al.
ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS).
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 1769-1818
[63]
S.P. Sedlis, C.T. Jurkovitz, P.M. Hartigan, D.S. Goldfarb, J.D. Lorin, M. Dada, et al.
Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with stable coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease.
Am J Cardiol., 104 (2009), pp. 1647-1653
[64]
D.N. Reddan, L.A. Szczech, R.H. Tuttle, L.K. Shaw, R.H. Jones, S.J. Schwab, et al.
Chronic kidney disease, mortality, and treatment strategies among patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease.
J Am Soc Nephrol., 14 (2003), pp. 2373-2380
[65]
E. Di Angelantonio, R. Chowdhury, N. Sarwar, T. Aspelund, J. Danesh, V. Gudnason.
Chronic kidney disease and risk of major cardiovascular disease and non-vascular mortality: prospective population based cohort study.
BMJ., 341 (2010), pp. c4986
[66]
CockcroftDW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16:31-41.
[67]
A.S. Levey, J.P. Bosch, J.B. Lewis, GreeneT, N. Rogers, D. Roth.
A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study G***roup.
Ann Intern Med., 130 (1999), pp. 461-470
[68]
L.A. Inker, C.H. Schmid, H. Tighiouart, J.H. Eckfeldt, H.I. Feldman, T. Greene, et al.
Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C.
N Engl J Med., 367 (2012), pp. 20-29
[69]
H. Hemingway, P. Philipson, R. Chen, N.K. Fitzpatrick, J. Damant, M. Shipley, et al.
Evaluating the quality of research into a single prognostic biomarker: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 83 studies of C-reactive protein in stable coronary artery disease.
PLoS Med., 7 (2010), pp. e1000286
[70]
M.S. Sabatine, D.A. Morrow, J.A. De Lemos, T. Omland, S. Sloan, P. Jarolim, et al.
Evaluation of multiple biomarkers of cardiovascular stress for risk prediction and guiding medical therapy in patients with stable coronary disease.
Circulation., 125 (2012), pp. 233-240
[71]
S. Sutaria, P. Philipson, N.K. Fitzpatrick, K. Abrams, S.G. Moreno, A. Timmis, et al.
Translational phases of evidence in a prognostic biomarker: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis of natriuretic peptides and the prognosis of stable coronary disease.
Heart., 98 (2012), pp. 615-622
[72]
S.E. Humphries, F. Drenos, G. Ken-Dror, P.J. Talmud.
Coronary heart disease risk prediction in the era of genome-wide association studies: current status and what the future holds.
Circulation., 121 (2010), pp. 2235-2248
[73]
T. Reichlin, W. Hochholzer, S. Bassetti, S. Steuer, C. Stelzig, S. Hartwiger, et al.
Early diagnosis of myocardial infarction with sensitive cardiac troponin assays.
N Engl J Med., 361 (2009), pp. 858-867
[74]
KellerT, ZellerT, D. Peetz, S. Tzikas, A. Roth, E. Czyz, et al.
Sensitive troponin I assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
N Engl J Med., 361 (2009), pp. 868-877
[75]
A.D. Da Silveira, R.A. Ribeiro, A.P. Rossini, S.F. Stella, H.A. Ritta, R. Stein, et al.
Association of anemia with clinical outcomes in stable coronary artery disease.
Coron Artery Dis., 19 (2008), pp. 21-26
[76]
P.E. Schwarz, J. Li, J. Lindstrom, J. Tuomilehto.
Tools for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes in daily practice.
Horm Metab Res., 41 (2009), pp. 86-97
[77]
E. Di Angelantonio, J. Danesh, G. Eiriksdottir, V. Gudnason.
Renal function and risk of coronary heart disease in general populations: new prospective study and systematic review.
PLoS Med., 4 (2007), pp. e270
[78]
A. Androulakis, K.A. Aznaouridis, C.J. Aggeli, G.N. Roussakis, A.P. Michaelides, A.N. Kartalis, et al.
Transient ST-segment depression during paroxysms of atrial fibrillation in otherwise normal individuals: relation with underlying coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 50 (2007), pp. 1909-1911
[79]
C. Daly, J. Norrie, D.L. Murdoch, I. Ford, H.J. Dargie, K. Fox.
The value of routine noninvasive tests to predict clinical outcome in stable angina.
Eur Heart J., 24 (2003), pp. 532-540
[80]
P.S. Douglas, M.J. Garcia, D.E. Haines, W.W. Lai, W.J. Manning, A.R. Patel, et al.
ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate use criteria for echocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 57 (2011), pp. 1126-1166
[81]
C.E. Korcarz, A.T. Hirsch, C. Bruce, J.M. DeCara, E.R. Mohler, B. Pogue, et al.
Carotid intima-media thickness testing by non-sonographer clinicians: the office practice assessment of carotid atherosclerosis study.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr., 21 (2008), pp. 117-122
[82]
J.H. Stein, C.E. Korcarz, R.T. Hurst, E. Lonn, C.B. Kendall, E.R. Mohler, et al.
American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr., 21 (2008), pp. 93-111
[83]
M. Plichart, D.S. Celermajer, M. Zureik, C. Helmer, X. Jouven, K. Ritchie, et al.
Carotid intima-media thickness in plaque-free site, carotid plaques and coronary heart disease risk prediction in older adults. The Three-City Study.
Atherosclerosis, 219 (2011), pp. 917-924
[84]
M.S. O’Mahony, M.F. Sim, S.F. Ho, J.A. Steward, M. Buchalter, M. Burr.
Diastolic heart failure in older people.
Age Ageing., 32 (2003), pp. 519-524
[85]
J.M. Aroesty, R.G. McKay, G.V. Heller, H.D. Royal, A.V. Als, W. Grossman.
Simultaneous assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction during pacinginduced ischemia.
Circulation., 71 (1985), pp. 889-900
[86]
L.J. Shaw, R. Bugiardini, C.N. Merz.
Women and ischemic heart disease: evolving knowledge.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 54 (2009), pp. 1561-1575
[87]
R.C. Hendel, M.R. Patel, C.M. Kramer, M. Poon, J.C. Carr, N.A. Gerstad, et al.
ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness CriteriaWorking G***roup, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 48 (2006), pp. 1475-1497
[88]
P.F. Cohn, K.M. Fox, C. Daly.
Silent myocardial ischemia.
Circulation., 108 (2003), pp. 1263-1277
[89]
J.J. McMurray, S. Adamopoulos, S.D. Anker, A. Auricchio, M. Bohm, K. Dickstein, et al.
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in col***laboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 1787-1847
[90]
G.A. Diamond, J.S. Forrester.
Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 300 (1979), pp. 1350-1358
[91]
R.J. Gibbons, J. Abrams, K. Chatterjee, J. Daley, P.C. Deedwania, J.S. Douglas, et al.
ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina).
Circulation., 107 (2003), pp. 149-158
[92]
G.A. Diamond, S. Kaul.
Gone fishing!: on the “real-world” accuracy of computed tomographic coronary angiography: Comment on the “Ontario multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography study”.
Arch Intern Med., 171 (2011), pp. 1029-1031
[93]
D.B. Mark, M.A. Hlatky, F.E. Harrell Jr., K.L. Lee, R.M. Califf, D.B. Pryor.
Exercise treadmill score for predicting prognosis in coronary artery disease.
Ann Intern Med., 106 (1987), pp. 793-800
[94]
V.F. Froelicher, K.G. Lehmann, R. Thomas, S. Goldman, D. Morrison, R. Edson, et al.
The electrocardiographic exercise test in a population with reduced workup bias: diagnostic performance, computerized interpretation, and multivariable prediction. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Health Services #016 (QUEXTA) Study G***roup. Quantitative Exercise Testing and Angiography.
Ann Intern Med., 128 (1998), pp. 965-974
[95]
A.P. Morise, G.A. Diamond.
Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of exercise electrocardiography in biased and unbiased populations of men and women.
Am Heart J., 130 (1995), pp. 741-747
[96]
M.H. Heijenbrok-Kal, K.E. Fleischmann, M.G. Hunink.
Stress echocardiography, stress single-photon-emission computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography for the assessment of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic performance.
Am Heart J., 154 (2007), pp. 415-423
[97]
B.A. McArdle, T.F. Dowsley, R.A. DeKemp, G.A. Wells, R.S. Beanlands.
Does rubidium-82 PET have superior accuracy to SPECT perfusion imaging for the diagnosis of obstructive coronary disease?.: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 60 (2012), pp. 1828-1837
[98]
M.C. De Jong, T.S. Genders, R.J. Van Geuns, A. Moelker, M.G. Hunink.
Diagnostic performance of stress myocardial perfusion imaging for coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur Radiol., 22 (2012), pp. 1881-1895
[99]
J.P. Higgins, G. Williams, J.S. Nagel, J.A. Higgins.
Left bundle-branch block artifact on single photon emission computed tomography with technetium Tc 99m (Tc-99m) agents: mechanisms and a method to decrease false-positive interpretations.
Am Heart J., 152 (2006), pp. 619-626
[100]
K.R. Nandalur, B.A. Dwamena, A.F. Choudhri, M.R. Nandalur, R.C. Carlos.
Diagnostic performance of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 50 (2007), pp. 1343-1353
[101]
M. Hamon, G. Fau, G. Nee, J. Ehtisham, R. Morello.
Meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance for detection of coronary artery disease.
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson., 12 (2010), pp. 29
[102]
J. Schwitter, C.M. Wacker, N. Wilke, N. Al-Saadi, E. Sauer, K. Huettle, et al.
MRIMPACTII: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary artery disease Trial: perfusion-cardiac magnetic resonance vs. singlephoton emission computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery disease: a comparative multicentre, multivendor trial.
Eur Heart J., 34 (2012), pp. 775-781
[103]
M.J. Budoff, D. Dowe, J.G. Jollis, M. Gitter, J. Sutherland, E. Halamert, et al.
Diagnostic performance of 64-multidetector row coronary computed tomographic angiography for evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in individuals without known coronary artery disease: results from the prospective multicenter ACCURACY (Assessment by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography) trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 52 (2008), pp. 1724-1732
[104]
J.M. Miller, C.E. Rochitte, M. Dewey, A. Arbab-Zadeh, H. Niinuma, I. Gottlieb, et al.
Diagnostic performance of coronary angiography by 64-row CT.
N Engl J Med., 359 (2008), pp. 2324-2336
[105]
W.B. Meijboom, M.F. Meijs, J.D. Schuijf, M.J. Cramer, N.R. Mollet, C.A. Van Mieghem, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: a prospective, multicenter, multivendor study.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 52 (2008), pp. 2135-2144
[106]
C. Jaarsma, T. Leiner, S.C. Bekkers, H.J. Crijns, J.E. Wildberger, E. Nagel, et al.
Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 59 (2012), pp. 1719-1728
[107]
Chest pain of recent onset: Assessment and diagnosis of recent onset chest pain or discomfort of suspected cardiac origin [citado 7 Ago 2013]. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2010. Clinical guideline 95. Disponible en: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG95.
[108]
T.S. Genders, E.W. Steyerberg, H. Alkadhi, S. Leschka, L. Desbiolles, K. Nieman, et al.
A clinical prediction rule for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: validation, updating, and extension.
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 1316-1330
[109]
T.D. Miller, V.L. Roger, D.O. Hodge, R.J. Gibbons.
A simple clinical score accurately predicts outcome in a community-based population undergoing stress testing.
Am J Med., 118 (2005), pp. 866-872
[110]
P.A. Tonino, B. De Bruyne, N.H. Pijls, U. Siebert, F. Ikeno, M. Van’ t Veer, et al.
Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention.
N Engl J Med., 360 (2009), pp. 213-224
[111]
S. Abbara, A. Arbab-Zadeh, T.Q. Callister, M.Y. Desai, W. Mamuya, L. Thomson, et al.
SCCT guidelines for performance of coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee.
J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr., 3 (2009), pp. 190-204
[112]
T.S. Genders, W.B. Meijboom, M.F. Meijs, J.D. Schuijf, N.R. Mollet, A.C. Weustink, et al.
CT coronary angiography in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease: decision making from various perspectives in the face of uncertainty.
Radiology., 253 (2009), pp. 734-744
[113]
R. Belardinelli, F. Lacalaprice, F. Carle, A. Minnucci, G. Cianci, G. Perna, et al.
Exerciseinduced myocardial ischaemia detected by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Eur Heart J., 24 (2003), pp. 1304-1313
[114]
R. Pradhan, A. Chaudhary, A.A. Donato.
Predictive accuracy of ST depression during rapid atrial fibrillation on the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease.
Am J Emerg Med., 30 (2012), pp. 1042-1047
[115]
L.J. Shaw, J.H. Mieres, R.H. Hendel, W.E. Boden, M. Gulati, E. Veledar, et al.
Comparative effectiveness of exercise electrocardiography with or without myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in women with suspected coronary artery disease: results from the What Is the Optimal Method for Ischemia Evaluation inWomen (WOMEN) trial.
Circulation., 124 (2011), pp. 1239-1249
[116]
R. Gianrossi, R. Detrano, D. Mulvihill, K. Lehmann, P. Dubach, A. Colombo, et al.
Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis.
Circulation., 80 (1989), pp. 87-98
[117]
K.E. Fleischmann, M.G. Hunink, K.M. Kuntz, P.S. Douglas.
Exercise echocardiography or exercise SPECT imaging?. A meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance.
JAMA., 280 (1998), pp. 913-920
[118]
R. Chelliah, B. Anantharam, L. Burden, A. Alhajiri, R. Senior.
Independent and incremental value of stress echocardiography over clinical and stress electrocardiographic parameters for the prediction of hard cardiac events in new-onset suspected angina with no history of coronary artery disease.
Eur J Echocardiogr., 11 (2010), pp. 875-882
[119]
T.H. Marwick, L. Shaw, C. Case, C. Vasey, J.D. Thomas.
Clinical and economic impact of exercise electrocardiography and exercise echocardiography in clinical practice.
Eur Heart J., 24 (2003), pp. 1153-1163
[120]
J.A. Mattera, S.A. Arain, A.J. Sinusas, L. Finta, F.J. Wackers.
Exercise testing with myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with normal baseline electrocardiograms: cost savings with a stepwise diagnostic strategy.
J Nucl Cardiol., 5 (1998), pp. 498-506
[121]
R. Sicari, P. Nihoyannopoulos, A. Evangelista, J. Kasprzak, P. Lancellotti, D. Poldermans, et al.
Stress echocardiography expert consensus statement: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC).
Eur J Echocardiogr., 9 (2008), pp. 415-437
[122]
R. Senior, H. Becher, M. Monaghan, L. Agati, J. Zamorano, J.L. Vanoverschelde, et al.
Contrast echocardiography: evidence-based recommendations by European Association of Echocardiography.
Eur J Echocardiogr., 10 (2009), pp. 194-212
[123]
R. Senior, A. Moreo, N. Gaibazzi, L. Agati, K. Tiemann, B. Shivalkar, et al.
Comparison of Sulfur Hexafluoride Microbubble (SonoVue)-Enhanced Myocardial Echocardiography to gated Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography for the Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease: a large european multicentre study.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 62 (2013), pp. 1353-1361
[124]
J.C. Plana, I.A. Mikati, H. Dokainish, N. Lakkis, J. Abukhalil, R. Davis, et al.
A randomized cross-over study for evaluation of the effect of image optimization with contrast on the diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine echocardiography in coronary artery disease The OPTIMIZE Trial.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging., 1 (2008), pp. 145-152
[125]
J.U. Voigt, B. Exner, K. Schmiedehausen, C. Huchzermeyer, U. Reulbach, U. Nixdorff, et al.
Strain-rate imaging during dobutamine stress echocardiography provides objective evidence of inducible ischemia.
Circulation., 107 (2003), pp. 2120-2126
[126]
L. Imbert, S. Poussier, P.R. Franken, B. Songy, A. Verger, O. Morel, et al.
Compared performance of high-sensitivity cameras dedicated to myocardial perfusion SPECT: a comprehensive analysis of phantom and human images.
J Nucl Med., 53 (2012), pp. 1897-1903
[127]
J.L. Ritchie, T.M. Bateman, R.O. Bonow, M.H. Crawford, R.J. Gibbons, R.J. Hall, et al.
Guidelines for clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging, Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Committee on Radionuclide Imaging), developed in col***laboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 25 (1995), pp. 521-547
[128]
W. Al Jaroudi, A.E. Iskandrian.
Regadenoson: a new myocardial stress agent.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 54 (2009), pp. 1123-1130
[129]
T.M. Bateman, G.V. Heller, A.I. McGhie, J.D. Friedman, J.A. Case, J.R. Bryngelson, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of rest/stress ECG-gated Rb-82 myocardial perfusion PET: comparison with ECG-gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT.
J Nucl Cardiol., 13 (2006), pp. 24-33
[130]
M.F. Di Carli, R. Hachamovitch.
New technology for noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery disease.
Circulation., 115 (2007), pp. 1464-1480
[131]
S. Kajander, E. Joutsiniemi, M. Saraste, M. Pietila, H. Ukkonen, A. Saraste, et al.
Cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging accurately detects anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery disease.
Circulation., 122 (2010), pp. 603-613
[132]
E. Nagel, H.B. Lehmkuhl, BockschW, C. Klein, U. Vogel, E. Frantz, et al.
Noninvasive diagnosis of ischemia-induced wall motion abnormalities with the use of highdose dobutamine stress MRI: comparison with dobutamine stress echocardiography.
Circulation., 99 (1999), pp. 763-770
[133]
A. Wahl, I. Paetsch, A. Gollesch, S. Roethemeyer, D. Foell, R. Gebker, et al.
Safety and feasibility of high-dose dobutamine-atropine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance for diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia: experience in 1000 consecutive cases.
Eur Heart J., 25 (2004), pp. 1230-1236
[134]
M.A. Secknus, T.H. Marwick.
Evolution of dobutamine echocardiography protocols and indications: safety and side effects in 3,011 studies over 5 years.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 29 (1997), pp. 1234-1240
[135]
W.G. Hundley, C.A. Hamilton, M.S. Thomas, D.M. Herrington, T.B. Salido, D.W. Kitzman, et al.
Utility of fast cine magnetic resonance imaging and display for the detection of myocardial ischemia in patients not well suited for second harmonic stress echocardiography.
Circulation., 100 (1999), pp. 1697-1702
[136]
J.P. Greenwood, N. Maredia, J.F. Younger, J.M. Brown, J. Nixon, C.C. Everett, et al.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective trial.
Lancet., 379 (2012), pp. 453-460
[137]
B. Heydari, M. Jerosch-Herold, R.Y. Kwong.
Assessment of myocardial ischemia with cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis., 54 (2011), pp. 191-203
[138]
T. Lockie, M. Ishida, D. Perera, A. Chiribiri, K. De Silva, S. Kozerke, et al.
Highresolution magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging at 3.0-Tesla to detect hemodynamically significant coronary stenoses as determined by fractional flow reserve.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 57 (2011), pp. 70-75
[139]
A.S. Cheng, T.J. Pegg, T.D. Karamitsos, N. Searle, M. Jerosch-Herold, R.P. Choudhury, et al.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion imaging at 3-tesla for the detection of coronary artery disease: a comparison with 1.5-tesla.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 49 (2007), pp. 2440-2449
[140]
P. Bernhardt, T. Walcher, W. Rottbauer, J. Wohrle.
Quantification of myocardial perfusion reserve at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla: a comparison to fractional flow reserve.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 28 (2012), pp. 2049-2056
[141]
O. Gaemperli, F.M. Bengel, P.A. Kaufmann.
Cardiac hybrid imaging.
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 2100-2108
[142]
A.P. Pazhenkottil, R.N. Nkoulou, J.R. Ghadri, B.A. Herzog, R.R. Buechel, S.M. Kuest, et al.
Prognostic value of cardiac hybrid imaging integrating single-photon emission computed tomography with coronary computed tomography angiography.
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 1465-1471
[143]
N.K. Sabharwal, B. Stoykova, A.K. Taneja, A. Lahiri.
A randomized trial of exercise treadmill ECG versus stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging as an initial diagnostic strategy in stable patients with chest pain and suspected CAD: cost analysis.
J Nucl Cardiol., 14 (2007), pp. 174-186
[144]
S.R. Underwood, C. Anagnostopoulos, M. Cerqueira, P.J. Ell, E.J. Flint, M. Harbinson, et al.
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: the evidence.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging., 31 (2004), pp. 261-291
[145]
A.M. Garber, N.A. Solomon.
Cost-effectiveness of alternative test strategies for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Ann Intern Med., 130 (1999), pp. 719-728
[146]
S.S. Yao, E. Qureshi, M.V. Sherrid, F.A. Chaudhry.
Practical applications in stress echocardiography: risk stratification and prognosis in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 42 (2003), pp. 1084-1090
[147]
D.S. Berman, R. Hachamovitch, H. Kiat, I. Cohen, J.A. Cabico, F.P. Wang, et al.
Incremental value of prognostic testing in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease: a basis for optimal utilization of exercise technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 26 (1995), pp. 639-647
[148]
C. Doesch, A. Seeger, J. Doering, C. Herdeg, C. Burgstahler, C.D. Claussen, et al.
Risk stratification by adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with coronary artery stenoses of intermediate angiographic severity.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging., 2 (2009), pp. 424-433
[149]
S.S. Yao, S. Bangalore, F.A. Chaudhry.
Prognostic implications of stress echocardiography and impact on patient outcomes: an effective gatekeeper for coronary angiography and revascularization.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr., 23 (2010), pp. 832-839
[150]
S. Halliburton, A. Arbab-Zadeh, D. Dey, A.J. Einstein, R. Gentry, R.T. George, et al.
Stateof-the-art in CT hardware and scan modes for cardiovascular CT.
J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr., 6 (2012), pp. 154-163
[151]
J. Hausleiter, S. Martinoff, M. Hadamitzky, E. Martuscelli, I. Pschierer, G.M. Feuchtner, et al.
Image quality and radiation exposure with a low tube voltage protocol for coronary CT angiography results of the PROTECTION II Trial.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging., 3 (2010), pp. 1113-1123
[152]
A.S. Agatston, W.R. Janowitz, F.J. Hildner, N.R. Zusmer, M. Viamonte Jr., R. Detrano.
Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 15 (1990), pp. 827-832
[153]
R.A. O’Rourke, B.H. Brundage, V.F. Froelicher, P. Greenland, S.M. Grundy, R. Hachamovitch, et al.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease.
Circulation., 102 (2000), pp. 126-140
[154]
M. Marwan, D. Ropers, T. Pflederer, W.G. Daniel, S. Achenbach.
Clinical characteristics of patients with obstructive coronary lesions in the absence of coronary calcification: an evaluation by coronary CT angiography.
Heart., 95 (2009), pp. 1056-1060
[155]
H. Brodoefel, C. Burgstahler, I. Tsiflikas, A. Reimann, S. Schroeder, C.D. Claussen, et al.
Dual-source CT: effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification on image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
Radiology., 247 (2008), pp. 346-355
[156]
C.C. Chen, C.C. Chen, I.C. Hsieh, Y.C. Liu, C.Y. Liu, T. Chan, et al.
The effect of calcium score on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 27 (2011), pp. 37-42
[157]
J.M. Van Werkhoven, S.M. De Boer, J.D. Schuijf, F. Cademartiri, E. Maffei, J.W. Jukema, et al.
Impact of clinical presentation and pretest likelihood on the relation between calcium score and computed tomographic coronary angiography.
Am J Cardiol., 106 (2010), pp. 1675-1679
[158]
M.F. Meijs, W.B. Meijboom, M. Prokop, N.R. Mollet, C.A. Van Mieghem, P.A. Doevendans, et al.
Is there a role for CT coronary angiography in patients with symptomatic angina? Effect of coronary calcium score on identification of stenosis.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 25 (2009), pp. 847-854
[159]
A.L. Vavere, A. Arbab-Zadeh, C.E. Rochitte, M. Dewey, H. Niinuma, I. Gottlieb, et al.
Coronary artery stenoses: accuracy of 64-detector row CT angiography in segments with mild, moderate, or severe calcification: a subanalysis of the CORE-64 trial.
Radiology., 261 (2011), pp. 100-108
[160]
H. Alkadhi, H. Scheffel, L. Desbiolles, O. Gaemperli, P. Stolzmann, A. Plass, et al.
Dual source computed tomography coronary angiography: influence of obesity, calcium load, and heart rate on diagnostic accuracy.
Eur Heart J., 29 (2008), pp. 766-776
[161]
M.E. Westwood, H.D. Raatz, K. Misso, L. Burgers, K. Redekop, S.K. Lhachimi, et al.
Systematic review of the accuracy of dual-source cardiac CT for detection of arterial stenosis in difficult to image patient groups.
Radiology., 267 (2013), pp. 387-395
[162]
D.C. Paech, A.R. Weston.
A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of 64-slice or higher computed tomography angiography as an alternative to invasive coronary angiography in the investigation of suspected coronary artery disease.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord., 11 (2011), pp. 32
[163]
D. Ropers, F.K. Pohle, A. Kuettner, T. Pflederer, K. Anders, W.G. Daniel, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography in patients after bypass surgery using 64-slice spiral computed tomography with 330-ms gantry rotation.
Circulation., 114 (2006), pp. 2334-2341
[164]
A.C. Weustink, K. Nieman, F. Pugliese, N.R. Mollet, W.B. Meijboom, C. Van Mieghem, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography angiography in patients after bypass grafting: comparison with invasive coronary angiography.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging., 2 (2009), pp. 816-824
[165]
J.K. Min, A. Dunning, F.Y. Lin, S. Achenbach, M. Al-Mallah, M.J. Budoff, et al.
Age- and sex-related differences in all-cause mortality risk based on coronary computed tomography angiography findings results from the International Multicenter CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry) of 23,854 patients without known coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 58 (2011), pp. 849-860
[166]
M. Hadamitzky, B. Freissmuth, T. Meyer, F. Hein, A. Kastrati, S. Martinoff, et al.
Prognostic value of coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of cardiac events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging., 2 (2009), pp. 404-411
[167]
B.J. Chow, G. Small, Y. Yam, L. Chen, S. Achenbach, M. Al-Mallah, et al.
Incremental prognostic value of cardiac computed tomography in coronary artery disease using CONFIRM: COroNary computed tomography angiography evaluation for clinical outcomes: an InteRnational Multicenter registry.
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging., 4 (2011), pp. 463-472
[168]
W.B. Meijboom, C.A. Van Mieghem, N.R. Mollet, F. Pugliese, A.C. Weustink, N. Van Pelt, et al.
64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with high, intermediate, or low pretest probability of significant coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 50 (2007), pp. 1469-1475
[169]
J.K. Min, J. Leipsic, M.J. Pencina, D.S. Berman, B.K. Koo, C. Van Mieghem, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of fractional flow reserve from anatomic CT angiography.
JAMA., 308 (2012), pp. 1237-1245
[170]
S. Kato, K. Kitagawa, N. Ishida, M. Ishida, M. Nagata, Y. Ichikawa, et al.
Assessment of coronary artery disease using magnetic resonance coronary angiography: a national multicenter trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 56 (2010), pp. 983-991
[171]
Sakuma H. Coronary CT versus MR angiography: the role of MR angiography. Radiology. 2011;258:340-9.
[172]
W. Wijns, P. Kolh, N. Danchin, C. Di Mario, V. Falk, T. Folliguet, et al.
Guidelines on myocardial revascularization.
Eur Heart J., 31 (2010), pp. 2501-2555
[173]
S.S. Jolly, S. Amlani, M. Hamon, S. Yusuf, S.R. Mehta.
Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography or intervention and the impact on major bleeding and ischemic events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Am Heart J., 157 (2009), pp. 132-140
[174]
N. Arora, M.E. Matheny, C. Sepke, F.S. Resnic.
A propensity analysis of the risk of vascular complications after cardiac catheterization procedures with the use of vascular closure devices.
Am Heart J., 153 (2007), pp. 606-611
[175]
T.J. Noto Jr., L.W. Johnson, R. Krone, W.F. Weaver, D.A. Clark, J.R. Kramer Jr., et al.
Cardiac catheterization 1990: a report of the Registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCA&I).
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn., 24 (1991), pp. 75-83
[176]
Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet. 2000;355:253-9.
[177]
Effect of nicorandil on coronary events in patients with stable angina: the Impact Of Nicorandil in Angina (IONA) randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1269-75.
[178]
P. Hjemdahl, S.V. Eriksson, C. Held, L. Forslund, P. Nasman, N. Rehnqvist.
Favourable long term prognosis in stable angina pectoris: an extended follow up of the angina prognosis study in Stockholm (APSIS).
Heart., 92 (2006), pp. 177-182
[179]
P.W. Wilson, R. D’Agostino Sr., D.L. Bhatt, K. Eagle, M.J. Pencina, S.C. Smith, et al.
An international model to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease.
Am J Med., 125 (2012), pp. 695-703
[180]
D.A. Weiner, T.J. Ryan, C.H. McCabe, B.R. Chaitman, L.T. Sheffield, J.C. Ferguson, et al.
Prognostic importance of a clinical profile and exercise test in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 3 (1984), pp. 772-779
[181]
K.E. Hammermeister, T.A. DeRouen, H.T. Dodge.
Variables predictive of survival in patients with coronary disease. Selection by univariate and multivariate analyses from the clinical, electrocardiographic, exercise, arteriographic, and quantitative angiographic evaluations.
Circulation., 59 (1979), pp. 421-430
[182]
D.B. Pryor, L. Shaw, C.B. McCants, K.L. Lee, D.B. Mark, F.E. Harrell Jr., et al.
Value of the history and physical in identifying patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease.
Ann Intern Med., 118 (1993), pp. 81-90
[183]
M. Emond, M.B. Mock, K.B. Davis, L.D. Fisher, D.R. Holmes Jr., B.R. Chaitman, et al.
Longterm survival of medically treated patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry.
Circulation., 90 (1994), pp. 2645-2657
[184]
J.J. Mahmarian, H.A. Dakik, N.G. Filipchuk, L.J. Shaw, S.S. Iskander, T.D. Ruddy, et al.
An initial strategy of intensive medical therapy is comparable to that of coronary revascularization for suppression of scintigraphic ischemia in high-risk but stable survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 48 (2006), pp. 2458-2467
[185]
R. Hachamovitch, A. Rozanski, L.J. Shaw, G.W. Stone, L.E. Thomson, J.D. Friedman, et al.
Impact of ischaemia and scar on the therapeutic benefit derived from myocardial revascularization vs. medical therapy among patients undergoing stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 1012-1024
[186]
C.S. Rihal, K.B. Davis, J.W. Kennedy, B.J. Gersh.
The utility of clinical, electrocardiographic, and roentgenographic variables in the prediction of left ventricular function.
Am J Cardiol., 75 (1995), pp. 220-223
[187]
I. Raymond, F. Pedersen, F. Steensgaard-Hansen, A. Green, M. Busch-Sorensen, C. Tuxen, et al.
Prevalence of impaired left ventricular systolic function and heart failure in a middle aged and elderly urban population segment of Copenhagen.
Heart., 89 (2003), pp. 1422-1449
[188]
E.A. Ashley, J. Myers, V. Froelicher.
Exercise testing in clinical medicine.
Lancet., 356 (2000), pp. 1592-1597
[189]
D.B. Mark, L. Shaw, F.E. Harrell Jr., M.A. Hlatky, K.L. Lee, J.R. Bengtson, et al.
Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 325 (1991), pp. 849-853
[190]
A.F. Schinkel, J.J. Bax, M.L. Geleijnse, E. Boersma, A. Elhendy, J.R. Roelandt, et al.
Noninvasive evaluation of ischaemic heart disease: myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography?.
Eur Heart J., 24 (2003), pp. 789-800
[191]
T.H. Marwick, R. Mehta, K. Arheart, M.S. Lauer.
Use of exercise echocardiography for prognostic evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 30 (1997), pp. 83-90
[192]
L.I. Olmos, H. Dakik, R. Gordon, J.K. Dunn, M.S. Verani, M.A. Quinones, et al.
Long-term prognostic value of exercise echocardiography compared with exercise 201Tl, ECG, and clinical variables in patients evaluated for coronary artery disease.
Circulation., 98 (1998), pp. 2679-2686
[193]
T.H. Marwick, C. Case, C. Vasey, S. Allen, L. Short, J.D. Thomas.
Prediction of mortality by exercise echocardiography: a strategy for combination with the duke treadmill score.
Circulation., 103 (2001), pp. 2566-2571
[194]
F.Y. Lin, A.M. Dunning, J. Narula, L.J. Shaw, H. Gransar, D.S. Berman, et al.
Impact of an automated multimodality point-of-order decision support tool on rates of appropriatetesting and clinical decision making for individuals with suspected coronary artery disease: a prospective multicenter study.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 62 (2013), pp. 308-316
[195]
K.A. Brown.
Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging. A diagnostic tool comes of age.
Circulation., 83 (1991), pp. 363-381
[196]
R. Hachamovitch, D.S. Berman, L.J. Shaw, H. Kiat, I. Cohen, J.A. Cabico, et al.
Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography for the prediction of cardiac death: differential stratification for risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction.
Circulation., 97 (1998), pp. 535-543
[197]
R. Hachamovitch, S.W. Hayes, J.D. Friedman, I. Cohen, D.S. Berman.
Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography.
Circulation., 107 (2003), pp. 2900-2907
[198]
S. Dorbala, M.F. Di Carli, R.S. Beanlands, M.E. Merhige, B.A. Williams, E. Veledar, et al.
Prognostic value of stress myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography: results from a multicenter observational registry.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 61 (2013), pp. 176-184
[199]
V.L. Murthy, M. Naya, C.R. Foster, M. Gaber, J. Hainer, J. Klein, et al.
Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
Circulation., 126 (2012), pp. 1858-1868
[200]
G. Korosoglou, Y. Elhmidi, H. Steen, D. Schellberg, N. Riedle, J. Ahrens, et al.
Prognostic value of high-dose dobutamine stress magnetic resonance imaging in 1,493 consecutive patients: assessment of myocardial wall motion and perfusion.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 56 (2010), pp. 1225-1234
[201]
C. Jahnke, E. Nagel, R. Gebker, T. Kokocinski, S. Kelle, R. Manka, et al.
Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance stress tests: adenosine stress perfusion and dobutamine stress wall motion imaging.
Circulation., 115 (2007), pp. 1769-1776
[202]
S. Motoyama, M. Sarai, H. Harigaya, H. Anno, K. Inoue, T. Hara, et al.
Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 54 (2009), pp. 49-57
[203]
M.P. Ostrom, A. Gopal, N. Ahmadi, K. Nasir, E. Yang, I. Kakadiaris, et al.
Mortality incidence and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by computed tomography angiography.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 52 (2008), pp. 1335-1343
[204]
E.A. Hulten, S. Carbonaro, S.P. Petrillo, J.D. Mitchell, T.C. Villines.
Prognostic value of cardiac computed tomography angiography: a systematic reviewand metaanalysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 57 (2011), pp. 1237-1247
[205]
D.B. Mark, C.L. Nelson, R.M. Califf, F.E. Harrell Jr., K.L. Lee, R.H. Jones, et al.
Continuing evolution of therapy for coronary artery disease. Initial results from the era of coronary angioplasty.
Circulation., 89 (1994), pp. 2015-2025
[206]
T.F. Christian, T.D. Miller, K.R. Bailey, R.J. Gibbons.
Exercise tomographic thallium-201 imaging in patients with severe coronary artery disease and normal electrocardiograms.
Ann Intern Med., 121 (1994), pp. 825-832
[207]
R. Hachamovitch, D.S. Berman, H. Kiat, I. Cohen, J.D. Friedman, L.J. Shaw.
Value of stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in patients with normal resting electrocardiograms: an evaluation of incremental prognostic value and cost-effectiveness.
Circulation., 105 (2002), pp. 823-829
[208]
S.L. Daugherty, D.J. Magid, J.R. Kikla, J.E. Hokanson, J. Baxter, C.A. Ross, et al.
Gender differences in the prognostic value of exercise treadmill test characteristics.
Am Heart J., 161 (2011), pp. 908-914
[209]
O.R. Coelho-Filho, L.F. Seabra, F.P. Mongeon, S.M. Abdullah, S.A. Francis, R. Blankstein, et al.
Stress myocardial perfusion imaging by CMR provides strong prognostic value to cardiac events regardless of patient's sex.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging., 4 (2011), pp. 850-861
[210]
L.D. Metz, M. Beattie, R. Hom, R.F. Redberg, D. Grady, K.E. Fleischmann.
The prognostic value of normal exercise myocardial perfusion imaging and exercise echocardiography: a meta-analysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 49 (2007), pp. 227-237
[211]
N. Nallamothu, M. Ghods, J. Heo, A.S. Iskandrian.
Comparison of thallium-201 singlephoton emission computed tomography and electrocardiographic response during exercise in patients with normal rest electrocardiographic results.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 25 (1995), pp. 830-836
[212]
N. Mahajan, L. Polavaram, H. Vankayala, B. Ference, Y. Wang, J. Ager, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging and stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of left main and triple vessel coronary artery disease: a comparative meta-analysis.
Heart., 96 (2010), pp. 956-966
[213]
L.J. Shaw, M.D. Cerqueira, M.M. Brooks, A.D. Althouse, V.V. Sansing, G.A. Beller, et al.
Impact of left ventricular function and the extent of ischemia and scar by stress myocardial perfusion imaging on prognosis and therapeutic risk reduction in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: results from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial.
J Nucl Cardiol., 19 (2012), pp. 658-669
[214]
L.J. Shaw, D.S. Berman, D.J. Maron, G.B. Mancini, S.W. Hayes, P.M. Hartigan, et al.
Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: results from the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial nuclear substudy.
Circulation., 117 (2008), pp. 1283-1291
[215]
L.J. Shaw, R. Hachamovitch, G.V. Heller, T.H. Marwick, M.I. Travin, A.E. Iskandrian, et al.
Noninvasive strategies for the estimation of cardiac risk in stable chest pain patients. The Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Study G***roup.
Am J Cardiol., 86 (2000), pp. 1-7
[216]
Y.G. America, J.J. Bax, E. Boersma, M. Stokkel, E.E. Van der Wall.
Prognostic value of gated SPECT in patients with left bundle branch block.
J Nucl Cardiol., 14 (2007), pp. 75-81
[217]
I. Tandogan, E. Yetkin, A. Yanik, F.V. Ulusoy, A. Temizhan, S. Cehreli, et al.
Comparison of thallium-201 exercise SPECT and dobutamine stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 17 (2001), pp. 339-345
[218]
E. Biagini, L.J. Shaw, D. Poldermans, A.F. Schinkel, V. Rizzello, A. Elhendy, et al.
Accuracy of non-invasive techniques for diagnosis of coronary artery disease and prediction of cardiac events in patients with left bundle branch block: a metaanalysis.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging., 33 (2006), pp. 1442-1451
[219]
E. Biagini, A.F. Schinkel, A. Elhendy, J.J. Bax, V. Rizzello, R.T. Van Domburg, et al.
Pacemaker stress echocardiography predicts cardiac events in patients with permanent pacemaker.
Am J Med., 118 (2005), pp. 1381-1386
[220]
E. Picano, A. Alaimo, V. Chubuchny, E. Plonska, V. Baldo, U. Baldini, et al.
Noninvasive pacemaker stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a multicenter study.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 40 (2002), pp. 1305-1310
[221]
F.G. Fowkes, G.D. Murray, I. Butcher, C.L. Heald, R.J. Lee, L.E. Chambless, et al.
Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis.
JAMA., 300 (2008), pp. 197-208
[222]
D.H. O’Leary, J.F. Polak, R.A. Kronmal, T.A. Manolio, G.L. Burke, S.K. Wolfson Jr..
Carotidartery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group.
N Engl J Med., 340 (1999), pp. 14-22
[223]
P. Greenland, L. LaBree, S.P. Azen, T.M. Doherty, R.C. Detrano.
Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals.
JAMA., 291 (2004), pp. 210-215
[224]
R. Detrano, A.D. Guerci, J.J. Carr, D.E. Bild, G. Burke, A.R. Folsom, et al.
Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups.
N Engl J Med., 358 (2008), pp. 1336-1345
[225]
G. Belcaro, A.N. Nicolaides, G. Ramaswami, M.R. Cesarone, M. DeSanctis, L. Incandela, et al.
Carotid and femoral ultrasound morphology screening and cardiovascular events in low risk subjects: a 10-year follow-up study (the CAFES-CAVE study).
Atherosclerosis., 156 (2001), pp. 379-387
[226]
D.V. Anand, E. Lim, D. Hopkins, R. Corder, L.J. Shaw, P. Sharp, et al.
Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
Eur Heart J., 27 (2006), pp. 713-721
[227]
R.S. Elkeles, I.F. Godsland, M.D. Feher, M.B. Rubens, M. Roughton, F. Nugara, et al.
Coronary calcium measurement improves prediction of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: the PREDICT study.
Eur Heart J., 29 (2008), pp. 2244-2251
[228]
M. Gulati, D.K. Pandey, M.F. Arnsdorf, D.S. Lauderdale, R.A. Thisted, R.H. Wicklund, et al.
Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St James Women Take Heart Project.
Circulation., 108 (2003), pp. 1554-1559
[229]
M. Wei, J.B. Kampert, C.E. Barlow, M.Z. Nichaman, L.W. Gibbons, R.S. Paffenbarger Jr., et al.
Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normalweight, overweight, and obese men.
JAMA., 282 (1999), pp. 1547-1553
[230]
M.J. Zellweger, R. Hachamovitch, X. Kang, S.W. Hayes, J.D. Friedman, G. Germano, et al.
Threshold, incidence, and predictors of prognostically high-risk silent ischemia in asymptomatic patients without prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
J Nucl Cardiol., 16 (2009), pp. 193-200
[231]
Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Steg PG, James SK, Atar D, Badano LP, Blömstrom-Lundqvist C, et al. ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2569-619.
[232]
S.C. Harb, T. Cook, W.A. Jaber, T.H. Marwick.
Exercise testing in asymptomatic patients after revascularization: are outcomes altered?.
Arch Intern Med., 172 (2012), pp. 854-861
[233]
R. Hachamovitch, S. Hayes, J.D. Friedman, I. Cohen, L.J. Shaw, G. Germano, et al.
Determinants of risk and its temporal variation in patients with normal stress myocardial perfusion scans: what is the warranty period of a normal scan?.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 41 (2003), pp. 1329-1340
[234]
D.J. Carryer, J.W. Askew, D.O. Hodge, T.D. Miller, R.J. Gibbons.
The timing and impact of follow-up studies after normal stress single-photon emission computed tomography sestamibi studies.
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging., 3 (2010), pp. 520-526
[235]
W.L. Proudfit, E.K. Shirey, F.M. Sones Jr..
Selective cine coronary arteriography. Correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients.
Circulation., 33 (1966), pp. 901-910
[236]
M.R. Patel, E.D. Peterson, D. Dai, J.M. Brennan, R.F. Redberg, H.V. Anderson, et al.
Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography.
N Engl J Med., 362 (2010), pp. 886-895
[237]
R. Holubkov, W.K. Laskey, A. Haviland, J.C. Slater, M.G. Bourassa, H.A. Vlachos, et al.
Angina 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the NHLBI Dynamic Registry.
Am Heart J., 144 (2002), pp. 826-833
[238]
L. Venkitachalam, K.E. Kip, S.R. Mulukutla, F. Selzer, W. Laskey, J. Slater, et al.
Temporal trends in patient-reported angina at 1 year after percutaneous coronary revascularization in the stent era: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored 1997-2006 dynamic registry.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes., 2 (2009), pp. 607-615
[239]
P.G. Camici, F. Crea.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction.
N Engl J Med., 356 (2007), pp. 830-840
[240]
J.A. Panza, J.M. Laurienzo, R.V. Curiel, E.F. Unger, A.A. Quyyumi, V. Dilsizian, et al.
Investigation of the mechanism of chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries using transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 29 (1997), pp. 293-301
[241]
P. Ong, A. Athanasiadis, H. Mahrholdt, G. Borgulya, U. Sechtem, J.C. Kaski.
Increased coronary vasoconstrictor response to acetylcholine in women with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms (cardiac syndrome X).
Clin Res Cardiol., 101 (2012), pp. 673-681
[242]
A. Yilmaz, S. Hill, SchaufeleT, M. Vohringer, A. Geissler, U. Sechtem.
Exerciseinduced spastic coronary artery occlusion at the site of a moderate stenosis: neither Prinzmetal's angina nor cardiac syndrome X but “Prinzmetal X”.
Circulation., 122 (2010), pp. e570-e574
[243]
Prinzmetal M, Kennamer R, Merliss R, Wada T, Bor N. Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report. Am J Med. 1959;27:375-88.
[244]
S. Sueda, H. Kohno, H. Fukuda, K. Inoue, J. Suzuki, K. Watanabe, et al.
Clinical and angiographical characteristics of acetylcholine-induced spasm: relationship to dose of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine.
Coron Artery Dis., 13 (2002), pp. 231-236
[245]
T. Matsubara, Y. Tamura, M. Yamazoe, T. Hori, T. Konno, T. Ida, et al.
Correlation between arteriographic and electrocardiographic features during spasm in the left anterior descending coronary artery.
Coron Artery Dis., 8 (1997), pp. 525-535
[246]
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2008): digest version. Circ J. 2010;74:1745-62.
[247]
A. Maseri, G. Davies, D. Hackett, J.C. Kaski.
Coronary artery spasm and vasoconstriction. The case for a distinction.
Circulation., 81 (1990), pp. 1983-1991
[248]
M. Mohri, M. Koyanagi, K. Egashira, H. Tagawa, T. Ichiki, H. Shimokawa, et al.
Angina pectoris caused by coronary microvascular spasm.
Lancet., 351 (1998), pp. 1165-1169
[249]
Y. Takagi, S. Yasuda, J. Takahashi, R. Tsunoda, Y. Ogata, A. Seki, et al.
Clinical implications of provocation tests for coronary artery spasm: safety, arrhythmic complications, and prognostic impact: multicentre registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association.
Eur Heart J., 34 (2013), pp. 258-267
[250]
S. Sueda, H. Saeki, T. Otani, K. Mineoi, T. Kondou, K. Yano, et al.
Major complications during spasm provocation tests with an intracoronary injection of acetylcholine.
Am J Cardiol., 85 (2000), pp. A10
[251]
M.A. Morales, M. Lombardi, A. Distante, C. Carpeggiani, B. Reisenhofer, A. L’Abbate.
Ergonovine-echo test to assess the significance of chest pain at rest without ECG changes.
Eur Heart J., 16 (1995), pp. 1361-1366
[252]
A. Buxton, S. Goldberg, J.W. Hirshfeld, J. Wilson, T. Mann, D.O. Williams, et al.
Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin.
Am J Cardiol., 46 (1980), pp. 329-334
[253]
D.G. Meyers, J.S. Neuberger, J. He.
Cardiovascular effect of bans on smoking in public places: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 54 (2009), pp. 1249-1255
[254]
Lam T. Reversal of risk after quitting smoking. En: IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Tobacco Control. Vol. 11. Geneva: IARC, World Health Organization; 2007, p. 366.
[255]
J. Critchley, S. Capewell.
Smoking cessation for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev., (2004), pp. CD003041
[256]
R. Hubbard, S. Lewis, C. Smith, C. Godfrey, L. Smeeth, P. Farrington, et al.
Use of nicotine replacement therapy and the risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and death.
Tob Control., 14 (2005), pp. 416-421
[257]
J. Ludvig, B. Miner, M.J. Eisenberg.
Smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease.
Am Heart J., 149 (2005), pp. 565-572
[258]
N.A. Rigotti, A.N. Thorndike, S. Regan, K. McKool, R.C. Pasternak, Y. Chang, et al.
Bupropion for smokers hospitalized with acute cardiovascular disease.
Am J Med., 119 (2006), pp. 1080-1087
[259]
S. Tonstad, C. Farsang, G. Klaene, K. Lewis, A. Manolis, A.P. Perruchoud, et al.
Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study.
Eur Heart J., 24 (2003), pp. 946-955
[260]
N.A. Rigotti, A.L. Pipe, N.L. Benowitz, C. Arteaga, D. Garza, S. Tonstad.
Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial.
Circulation., 121 (2010), pp. 221-229
[261]
S. Singh, Y.K. Loke, J.G. Spangler, C.D. Furberg.
Risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events associated with varenicline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CMAJ., 183 (2011), pp. 1359-1366
[262]
K.B. Filion, F. ElKhoury, M. Bielinski, I. Schiller, N. Dendukuri, J.M. Brophy.
Omega-3 fatty acids in high-risk cardiovascular patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord., 10 (2010), pp. 24
[263]
D. Mozaffarian, J.H. Wu.
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 58 (2011), pp. 2047-2067
[264]
S.M. Kwak, S.K. Myung, Y.J. Lee, H.G. Seo.
Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trials.
Arch Intern Med., 172 (2012), pp. 686-694
[266]
R. Estruch, E. Ros, J. Salas-Salvado, M.I. Covas, D. Pharm, D. Corella, et al.
the PSI. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a mediterranean diet.
N Engl J Med, 368 (2013), pp. 1279-1290
[267]
B.P. Gupta, M.H. Murad, M.M. Clifton, L. Prokop, A. Nehra, S.L. Kopecky.
The effect of lifestyle modification and cardiovascular risk factor reduction on erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Arch Intern Med., 171 (2011), pp. 1797-1803
[268]
R. Kloner, H. Padma-Nathan.
Erectile dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.
Int J Impot Res., 17 (2005), pp. 209-215
[269]
S.T. Russell, B.K. Khandheria, A. Nehra.
Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.
Mayo Clin Proc., 79 (2004), pp. 782-794
[270]
J.B. Kostis, G. Jackson, R. Rosen, E. Barrett-Connor, K. Billups, A.L. Burnett, et al.
Sexual dysfunction and cardiac risk (the Second Princeton Consensus Conference).
Am J Cardiol., 96 (2005), pp. M85-M93
[271]
M. Kohler, J.R. Stradling.
Mechanisms of vascular damage in obstructive sleep apnea.
Nat Rev Cardiol., 7 (2010), pp. 677-685
[272]
V. Pasceri, G. Patti, A. Nusca, C. Pristipino, G. Richichi, G. Di Sciascio.
Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of myocardial damage during coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study.
Circulation., 110 (2004), pp. 674-678
[273]
G.E. Umpierrez, R. Hellman, M.T. Korytkowski, M. Kosiborod, G.A. Maynard, V.M. Montori, et al.
Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 97 (2012), pp. 16-38
[274]
G. Mancia, S. Laurent, E. Agabiti-Rosei, E. Ambrosioni, M. Burnier, M.J. Caulfield, et al.
Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document.
J Hypertens., 27 (2009), pp. 2121-2158
[275]
G.F.R. Mancia, K. Narkiewicz, J. Redon, A. Zanchetti, M. Böhm, T. Christiaens, et al.
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
J Hypertens., 31 (2013), pp. 1281-1357
[276]
M.F. Piepoli, U. Corra, W. Benzer, B. Bjarnason-Wehrens, P. Dendale, D. Gaita, et al.
Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil., 17 (2010), pp. 1-17
[277]
B.S. Heran, J.M. Chen, S. Ebrahim, T. Moxham, N. Oldridge, K. Rees, et al.
Exercisebased cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev., (2011), pp. CD001800
[278]
P.R. Lawler, K.B. Filion, M.J. Eisenberg.
Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Am Heart J., 162 (2011), pp. 571-584
[279]
K.L. Nichol, J. Nordin, J. Mullooly, R. Lask, K. Fillbrandt, M. Iwane.
Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly.
N Engl J Med., 348 (2003), pp. 1322-1332
[280]
A. Ciszewski, Z.T. Bilinska, L.B. Brydak, C. Kepka, M. Kruk, M. Romanowska, et al.
Influenza vaccination in secondary prevention from coronary ischaemic events in coronary artery disease: FLUCAD study.
Eur Heart J., 29 (2008), pp. 1350-1358
[281]
J.E. Manson, J. Hsia, K.C. Johnson, J.E. Rossouw, A.R. Assaf, N.L. Lasser, et al.
Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease.
N Engl J Med., 349 (2003), pp. 523-534
[282]
J.E. Rossouw, R.L. Prentice, J.E. Manson, L. Wu, D. Barad, V.M. Barnabei, et al.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause.
JAMA., 297 (2007), pp. 1465-1477
[283]
R.A. Henderson, N. O’Flynn.
Management of stable angina: summary of NICE guidance.
Heart., 98 (2012), pp. 500-507
[284]
U. Thadani, H.L. Fung, A.C. Darke, J.O. Parker.
Oral isosorbide dinitrate in angina pectoris: comparison of duration of action an dose-response relation during acute and sustained therapy.
Am J Cardiol., 49 (1982), pp. 411-419
[285]
J.O. Parker.
Eccentric dosing with isosorbide-5-mononitrate in angina pectoris.
Am J Cardiol., 72 (1993), pp. 871-876
[286]
S.G. Chrysant, S.P. Glasser, N. Bittar, F.E. Shahidi, K. Danisa, R. Ibrahim, et al.
Efficacy and safety of extended-release isosorbide mononitrate for stable effort angina pectoris.
Am J Cardiol., 72 (1993), pp. 1249-1256
[287]
S. Yusuf, J. Wittes, L. Friedman.
Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I. Treatments following myocardial infarction.
JAMA., 260 (1988), pp. 2088-2093
[288]
S. Bangalore, G. Steg, P. Deedwania, K. Crowley, K.A. Eagle, S. Goto, et al.
Beta-blocker use and clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with and without coronary artery disease.
JAMA., 308 (2012), pp. 1340-1349
[289]
W.A. Wallace, K.L. Wellington, M.A. Chess, C.S. Liang.
Comparison of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system and atenolol on antianginal efficacies and exercise hemodynamic responses in stable angina pectoris.
Am J Cardiol., 73 (1994), pp. 23-28
[290]
R.J. De Vries, A.F. Van den Heuvel, D.J. Lok, R.J. Claessens, P.J. Bernink, W.H. Pasteuning, et al.
Nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system versus atenolol in stable angina pectoris. The Netherlands Working G***roup on Cardiovascular Research (WCN).
Int J Cardiol., 57 (1996), pp. 143-150
[291]
K.M. Fox, D. Mulcahy, I. Findlay, I. Ford, H.J. Dargie.
The Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET). Effects of atenolol, nifedipine SR and their combination on the exercise test and the total ischaemic burden in 608 patients with stable angina. The TIBET Study G***roup.
Eur Heart J., 17 (1996), pp. 96-103
[292]
L.L. Van de Ven, A. Vermeulen, J.G. Tans, A.C. Tans, K.L. Liem, N.C. Lageweg, et al.
Which drug to choose for stable angina pectoris: a comparative study between bisoprolol and nitrates.
Int J Cardiol., 47 (1995), pp. 217-223
[293]
D.T. Kawanishi, C.L. Reid, E.C. Morrison, S.H. Rahimtoola.
Response of angina and ischemia to long-term treatment in patients with chronic stable angina: a double blind randomized individualized dosing trial of nifedipine, propranolol and their combination.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 19 (1992), pp. 409-417
[294]
T.E. Meyer, C. Adnams, P. Commerford.
Comparison of the efficacy of atenolol and its combination with slow-release nifedipine in chronic stable angina.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther., 7 (1993), pp. 909-913
[295]
R. Steffensen, P. Grande, F. Pedersen, S. Haunso.
Effects of atenolol and diltiazem on exercise tolerance and ambulatory ischaemia.
Int J Cardiol., 40 (1993), pp. 143-153
[296]
J. Parameshwar, J. Keegan, D. Mulcahy, K. Phadke, J. Sparrow, G.C. Sutton, et al.
Atenolol or nicardipine alone is as efficacious in stable angina as their combination: a double blind randomised trial.
Int J Cardiol., 40 (1993), pp. 135-141
[297]
R.A. Foale.
Atenolol versus the fixed combination of atenolol and nifedipine in stable angina pectoris.
Eur Heart J., 14 (1993), pp. 1369-1374
[298]
N. Rehnqvist, P. Hjemdahl, E. Billing, I. Bjorkander, S.V. Eriksson, L. Forslund, et al.
Effects of metoprolol vs verapamil in patients with stable angina pectoris. The Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm (APSIS).
Eur Heart J., 17 (1996), pp. 76-81
[299]
A. Hjalmarson, S. Goldstein, B. Fagerberg, H. Wedel, F. Waagstein, J. Kjekshus, et al.
Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study G***roup.
JAMA., 283 (2000), pp. 1295-1302
[300]
The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:9-13.
[301]
M. Packer, M.R. Bristow, J.N. Cohn, W.S. Colucci, M.B. Fowler, E.M. Gilbert, et al.
The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure U. S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group.
N Engl J Med., 334 (1996), pp. 1349-1355
[302]
M.D. Flather, M.C. Shibata, A.J. Coats, D.J. Van Veldhuisen, A. Parkhomenko, J. Borbola, et al.
Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS).
Eur Heart J., 26 (2005), pp. 215-225
[303]
C.J. Pepine, E.M. Handberg, R.M. Cooper-DeHoff, R.G. Marks, P. Kowey, F.H. Messerli, et al.
A calcium antagonist vs a noncalcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease The International Verapamil Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA., 290 (2003), pp. 2805-2816
[304]
L.D. Ried, M.J. Tueth, E. Handberg, S. Kupfer, C.J. Pepine.
A Study of Antihypertensive Drugs and Depressive Symptoms (SADD-Sx) in patients treated with a calcium antagonist versus an atenolol hypertension treatment strategy in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study (INVEST).
Psychosom Med., 67 (2005), pp. 398-406
[305]
S.E. Nissen, E.M. Tuzcu, P. Libby, P.D. Thompson, M. Ghali, D. Garza, et al.
Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: theCAMELOTstudy: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA., 292 (2004), pp. 2217-2225
[306]
J. Haasenritter, S. Bosner, P. Vaucher, L. Herzig, M. Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, E. Baum, et al.
Ruling out coronary heart disease in primary care: external validation of a clinical prediction rule.
Br J Gen Pract., 62 (2012), pp. e415-e421
[307]
J.C. Tardif, I. Ford, M. Tendera, M.G. Bourassa, K. Fox.
Efficacy of ivabradine a new selective I(f) inhibitor compared with atenolol in patients with chronic stable angina.
Eur Heart J., 26 (2005), pp. 2529-2536
[308]
J.C. Tardif, P. Ponikowski, T. Kahan.
Efficacy of the I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine in patients with chronic stable angina receiving beta-blocker therapy: a 4-month randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Eur Heart J., 30 (2009), pp. 540-548
[309]
S. Viswanathan, L.J. Frishman, J.G. Robson, R.S. Harwerth, E.L. Smith 3rd.
The photopic negative response of the macaque electroretinogram: reduction by experimental glaucoma.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 40 (1999), pp. 1124-1136
[310]
Ranexa (Ranolazine) [citado 23 Ago 2013]. Disponible en: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/000805/WC500045940.pdf.
[311]
Y. Izumiya, S. Kojima, S. Kojima, S. Araki, H. Usuku, J. Matsubara, et al.
Long-term use of oral nicorandil stabilizes coronary plaque in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Atherosclerosis., 214 (2011), pp. 415-421
[312]
H. Tuunanen, E. Engblom, A. Naum, K. Nagren, M. Scheinin, B. Hesse, et al.
Trimetazidine, a metabolic modulator, has cardiac and extracardiac benefits in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Circulation, 118 (2008), pp. 1250-1258
[313]
J.M. Detry, P. Sellier, S. Pennaforte, D. Cokkinos, H. Dargie, P. Mathes.
Trimetazidine: a new concept in the treatment of angina Comparison with propranolol in patients with stable angina. Trimetazidine European Multicenter Study Group.
Br J Clin Pharmacol, 37 (1994), pp. 279-288
[314]
T. El-Kady, K. El-Sabban, M. Gabaly, A. Sabry, S. Abdel-Hady.
Effects of trimetazidine on myocardial perfusion and the contractile response of chronically dysfunctional myocardium in ischemic cardiomyopathy: a 24-month study.
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 5 (2005), pp. 271-278
[315]
Questions and answers on the review of medicines containing trimetazidine (20 mg tablets, 35 mg modified release tablet and 20 mg/ml oral solution) [citado 9 Mar 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/Trimetazidine_31/WC500129195.pdf.
[316]
G. Fragasso, P.M. Piatti, L. Monti, A. Palloshi, E. Setola, P. Puccetti, et al.
Shortand long-term beneficial effects of trimetazidine in patients with diabetes and ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Am Heart J., 146 (2003), pp. e18
[317]
M. Jerling.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of ranolazine.
Clin Pharmacokinet., 45 (2006), pp. 469-491
[318]
A.D. Timmis, B.R. Chaitman, M. Crager.
Effects of ranolazine on exercise tolerance and HbA1c in patients with chronic angina and diabetes.
Eur Heart J., 27 (2006), pp. 42-48
[319]
D.A. Morrow, B.M. Scirica, E. Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, S.A. Murphy, A. Budaj, S. Varshavsky, et al.
Effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial.
JAMA, 297 (2007), pp. 1775-1783
[320]
D.A. Morrow, B.M. Scirica, B.R. Chaitman, D.K. McGuire, S.A. Murphy, E. Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, et al.
Evaluation of the glycometabolic effects of ranolazine in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized controlled trial.
Circulation, 119 (2009), pp. 2032-2039
[321]
S.R. Wilson, B.M. Scirica, E. Braunwald, S.A. Murphy, E. Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, J.L. Buros, et al.
Efficacy of ranolazine in patients with chronic angina observations from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled MERLIN-TIMI (Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes) 36 Trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 53 (2009), pp. 1510-1516
[322]
M. Kosiborod, S.V. Arnold, J.A. Spertus, D.K. McGuire, Y. Li, P. Yue, et al.
Evaluation of ranolazine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina Results from the TERISA randomized clinical trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 61 (2013), pp. 2038-2045
[323]
A. Noman, D.S. Ang, S. Ogston, C.C. Lang, A.D. Struthers.
Effect of high-dose allopurinol on exercise in patients with chronic stable angina: a randomised, placebo controlled crossover trial.
Lancet, 375 (2010), pp. 2161-2167
[324]
L.H. Opie.
Allopurinol for heart failure: novel mechanisms.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 59 (2012), pp. 809-812
[325]
F. Wagner, C. Gohlke-Barwolf, D. Trenk, E. Jahnchen, H. Roskamm.
Differences in the antiischaemic effects of molsidomine and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) during acute and short-term administration in stable angina pectoris.
Eur Heart J., 12 (1991), pp. 994-999
[326]
L.H. Young, F.J. Wackers, D.A. Chyun, J.A. Davey, E.J. Barrett, R. Taillefer, et al.
Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 301 (2009), pp. 1547-1555
[327]
R. Kolloch, U.F. Legler, A. Champion, R.M. Cooper-Dehoff, E. Handberg, Q. Zhou, et al.
Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/trandolapril STudy (INVEST).
Eur Heart J., 29 (2008), pp. 1327-1334
[328]
K. Fox, I. Ford, P.G. Steg, M. Tendera, M. Robertson, R. Ferrari, et al.
Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and leftventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet, 372 (2008), pp. 817-821
[329]
L.H. Opie, J.D. Horowitz.
Nitrates and newer anti-anginals En: Drugs for the heart.
8. a ed. Elsevier, (2012),
[330]
P.M. Short, S.I. Lipworth, D.H. Elder, S. Schembri, B.J. Lipworth.
Effect of beta blockers in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.
BMJ, 342 (2011), pp. 2549
[331]
M.M. Lievre, P. Moulin, C. Thivolet, M. Rodier, V. Rigalleau, A. Penfornis, et al.
Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients with diabetes: results of a randomized trial and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of systematic screening.
Trials, 12 (2011), pp. 23
[332]
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. BMJ. 1994; 308: 81-106.
[333]
Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002; 324: 71-86.
[334]
S. Juul-Moller, N. Edvardsson, B. Jahnmatz, A. Rosen, S. Sorensen, R. Omblus.
Double blind trial of aspirin in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with stable chronic angina pectoris The Swedish Angina Pectoris Aspirin Trial (SAPAT) Group.
Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 1421-1425
[335]
A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996; 348: 1329-39.
[336]
P.A. Gurbel, K.P. Bliden, K. Butler, U.S. Tantry, T. Gesheff, C. Wei, et al.
Randomized double-blind assessment of the ONSET and OFFSET of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the ONSET/OFFSET study.
Circulation, 120 (2009), pp. 2577-2585
[337]
T. Jernberg, C.D. Payne, K.J. Winters, C. Darstein, J.T. Brandt, J.A. Jakubowski, et al.
Prasugrel achieves greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and a lower rate of non-responders compared with clopidogrel in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Eur Heart J., 27 (2006), pp. 1166-1173
[338]
S.D. Wiviott, E. Braunwald, C.H. McCabe, G. Montalescot, W. Ruzyllo, S. Gottlieb, et al.
Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
N Engl J Med, 357 (2007), pp. 2001-2015
[339]
C.P. Cannon, R.A. Harrington, S. James, D. Ardissino, R.C. Becker, H. Emanuelsson, et al.
Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): a randomised double-blind study.
Lancet, 375 (2010), pp. 283-293
[340]
M.T. Roe, P.W. Armstrong, K.A. Fox, H.D. White, D. Prabhakaran, S.G. Goodman, et al.
Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization.
N Engl J Med., 367 (2012), pp. 1297-1309
[341]
D.A. Morrow, E. Braunwald, M.P. Bonaca, S.F. Ameriso, A.J. Dalby, M.P. Fish, et al.
Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events.
N Engl J Med., 366 (2012), pp. 1404-1413
[342]
S. Yusuf, F. Zhao, S.R. Mehta, S. Chrolavicius, G. Tognoni, K.K. Fox.
Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without STsegment elevation.
N Engl J Med., 345 (2001), pp. 494-502
[343]
D.L. Bhatt, K.A. Fox, W. Hacke, P.B. Berger, H.R. Black, W.E. Boden, et al.
Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events.
N Engl J Med., 354 (2006), pp. 1706-1717
[344]
D.L. Bhatt, M.D. Flather, W. Hacke, P.B. Berger, H.R. Black, W.E. Boden, et al.
Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 49 (2007), pp. 1982-1988
[345]
D.M. Larson, K.M. Menssen, S.W. Sharkey, S. Duval, R.S. Schwartz, J. Harris, et al.
Falsepositive” cardiac catheterization laboratory activation among patients with suspected ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
JAMA, 298 (2007), pp. 2754-2760
[346]
J.L. Mega, T. Simon, J.P. Collet, J.L. Anderson, E.M. Antman, K. Bliden, et al.
Reducedfunction CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: a meta-analysis.
JAMA, 304 (2010), pp. 1821-1830
[347]
J.P. Collet, T. Cuisset, G. Range, G. Cayla, S. Elhadad, C. Pouillot, et al.
Bedside monitoring to adjust antiplatelet therapy for coronary stenting.
N Engl J Med., 367 (2012), pp. 2100-2109
[348]
Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325: 293-302.
[349]
M.A. Pfeffer, E. Braunwald, L.A. Moye, L. Basta, E.J. Brown Jr., T.E. Cuddy, et al.
Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators.
N Engl J Med., 327 (1992), pp. 669-677
[350]
M.D. Flather, S. Yusuf, L. Kober, M. Pfeffer, A. Hall, G. Murray, et al.
Long-term ACEinhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group.
Lancet, 355 (2000), pp. 1575-1581
[351]
S. Yusuf, P. Sleight, J. Pogue, J. Bosch, R. Davies, G. Dagenais.
Effects of an angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators.
N Engl J Med., 342 (2000), pp. 145-153
[352]
K.M. Fox.
Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study).
Lancet., 362 (2003), pp. 782-788
[353]
G.R. Dagenais, J. Pogue, K. Fox, M.L. Simoons, S. Yusuf.
Angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: a combined analysis of three trials.
Lancet., 368 (2006), pp. 581-588
[354]
A. Patel, S. MacMahon, J. Chalmers, B. Neal, M. Woodward, L. Billot, et al.
Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet., 370 (2007), pp. 829-840
[355]
E. Braunwald, M.J. Domanski, S.E. Fowler, N.L. Geller, B.J. Gersh, J. Hsia, et al.
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 351 (2004), pp. 2058-2068
[356]
B. Dahlof, P.S. Sever, N.R. Poulter, H. Wedel, D.G. Beevers, M. Caulfield, et al.
Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Lancet., 366 (2005), pp. 895-906
[357]
K. Jamerson, M.A. Weber, G.L. Bakris, B. Dahlof, B. Pitt, V. Shi, et al.
Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients.
N Engl J Med., 359 (2008), pp. 2417-2428
[358]
S. Yusuf, K.K. Teo, J. Pogue, L. Dyal, I. Copland, H. Schumacher, et al.
Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events.
N Engl J Med., 358 (2008), pp. 1547-1559
[359]
J.F. Mann, R.E. Schmieder, M. McQueen, L. Dyal, H. Schumacher, J. Pogue, et al.
Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.
Lancet., 372 (2008), pp. 547-553
[360]
B. Pitt, W. Remme, F. Zannad, J. Neaton, F. Martinez, B. Roniker, et al.
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
N Engl J Med., 348 (2003), pp. 1309-1321
[361]
D. Mukherjee, S.E. Nissen, E.J. Topol.
Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors.
JAMA., 286 (2001), pp. 954-959
[362]
R.S. Bresalier, R.S. Sandler, H. Quan, J.A. Bolognese, B. Oxenius, K. Horgan, et al.
Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial.
N Engl J Med., 352 (2005), pp. 1092-1102
[363]
S.D. Solomon, J.J. McMurray, M.A. Pfeffer, J. Wittes, R. Fowler, P. Finn, et al.
Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention.
N Engl J Med., 352 (2005), pp. 1071-1080
[364]
SalisburyAC, M. Kosiborod.
Hospital-acquired anemia in patients with cardiovascular disease: incidence, outcomes, and opportunities for prevention.
Rev Cardiovasc Med., 13 (2012), pp. e150-e160
[365]
A. Goyal, J.A. Spertus, K. Gosch, L. Venkitachalam, P.G. Jones, G. Van den Berghe, et al.
Serum potassiumlevels and mortality in acute myocardial infarction.
JAMA., 307 (2012), pp. 157-164
[366]
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. III: Reduction in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. BMJ. 1994; 308: 235-46.
[367]
R.O. Cannon 3rd, R.M. Watson, D.R. Rosing, S.E. Epstein.
Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve.
Am J Cardiol., 56 (1985), pp. 242-246
[368]
J.W. Chen, W.L. Lee, N.W. Hsu, S.J. Lin, C.T. Ting, S.P. Wang, et al.
Effects of short term treatment of nicorandil on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and abnormal cardiac autonomic activity in microvascular angina.
Am J Cardiol., 80 (1997), pp. 32-38
[369]
P.A. Albertsson, H. Emanuelsson, I. Milsom.
Beneficial effect of treatment with transdermal estradiol-17-beta on exercise-induced angina and STsegment depression in syndrome X.
Int J Cardiol., 54 (1996), pp. 13-20
[370]
A.P. Amin, A.C. Salisbury, P.A. McCullough, K. Gosch, J.A. Spertus, L. Venkitachalam, et al.
Trends in the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.
Arch Intern Med., 172 (2012), pp. 246-253
[371]
E. Fabian, A. Varga, E. Picano, Z. Vajo, A. Ronaszeki, M. Csanady.
Effect of simvastatin on endothelial function in cardiac syndrome X patients.
Am J Cardiol., 94 (2004), pp. 652-655
[372]
G.A. Lanza, G. Colonna, V. Pasceri, A. Maseri.
Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X.
Am J Cardiol., 84 (1999), pp. 854-856
[373]
M. Emdin, E. Picano, F. Lattanzi, A. L’Abbate.
Improved exercise capacity with acute aminophylline administration in patients with syndrome X.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 14 (1989), pp. 1450-1453
[374]
R.O. Cannon 3rd, A.A. Quyyumi, R. Mincemoyer, A.M. Stine, R.H. Gracely, W.B. Smith, et al.
Imipramine in patients with chest pain despite normal coronary angiograms.
N Engl J Med., 330 (1994), pp. 1411-1417
[375]
G.A. Sgueglia, A. Sestito, A. Spinelli, B. Cioni, F. Infusino, F. Papacci, et al.
Long-term follow-up of patients with cardiac syndrome X treated by spinal cord stimulation.
Heart., 93 (2007), pp. 591-597
[376]
H. Yasue, A. Takizawa, M. Nagao, S. Nishida, M. Horie, J. Kubota, et al.
Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and influential factors.
Circulation, 78 (1988), pp. 1-9
[377]
M. Frenneaux, J.C. Kaski, M. Brown, A. Maseri.
Refractory variant angina relieved by guanethidine and clonidine.
Am J Cardiol., 62 (1988), pp. 832-833
[378]
A. Gaspardone, F. Tomai, F. Versaci, A.S. Ghini, P. Polisca, F. Crea, et al.
Coronary artery stent placement in patients with variant angina refractory to medical treatment.
Am J Cardiol., 84 (1999), pp. 96-98
[379]
A. Abbate, M. Hamza, A.D. Cassano, R. Melchior, C. Roberts, J. Grizzard, et al.
Sympathectomy as a treatment for refractory coronary artery spasm.
Int J Cardiol., 161 (2012), pp. e7-e9
[380]
G. Montalescot, H.D. White, R. Gallo, M. Cohen, P.G. Steg, P.E. Aylward, et al.
Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
N Engl J Med., 355 (2006), pp. 1006-1017
[381]
A.M. Lincoff, J.A. Bittl, R.A. Harrington, F. Feit, N.S. Kleiman, J.D. Jackman, et al.
Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial.
JAMA., 289 (2003), pp. 853-863
[382]
M. Singh, B.J. Gersh, R.J. Lennon, H.H. Ting, D.R. Holmes Jr., B.J. Doyle, et al.
Outcomes of a system-wide protocol for elective and nonelective coronary angioplasty at sites without on-site surgery: the Mayo Clinic experience.
Mayo Clin Proc., 84 (2009), pp. 501-508
[383]
C. Stettler, S. Wandel, S. Allemann, A. Kastrati, M.C. Morice, A. Schomig, et al.
Outcomes associated with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: a collaborative network meta-analysis.
Lancet., 370 (2007), pp. 937-948
[384]
A. Schomig, A. Dibra, S. Windecker, J. Mehilli, J. Suarez de Lezo, C. Kaiser, et al.
A meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials of sirolimus-eluting stents versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 50 (2007), pp. 1373-1380
[385]
G. Sarno, B. Lagerqvist, O. Frobert, J. Nilsson, G. Olivecrona, E. Omerovic, et al.
Lower risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis with unrestricted use of ‘new-generation’ drug-eluting stents: a report from the nationwide Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR).
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 606-613
[386]
A. Bellemain-Appaix, S.A. O’Connor, J. Silvain, M. Cucherat, F. Beygui, O. Barthelemy, et al.
Association of clopidogrel pretreatment with mortality, cardiovascular events, and major bleeding among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA, 308 (2012), pp. 2507-2516
[387]
M.J. Hung, W.J. Cherng, N.I. Yang, C.W. Cheng, L.F. Li.
Relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level with coronary vasospastic angina pectoris in patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol., 96 (2005), pp. 1484-1490
[388]
F. Mori, T. Uchida, T. Byun, S. Tanino, K. Imamura, H. Oomori, et al.
[Cardiac events in vasospastic angina: site and morphology of coronary artery spasm is related to the long-term prognosis of vasospastic angina].
J Cardiol., 33 (1999), pp. 191-199
[389]
I. Iakovou, T. Schmidt, E. Bonizzoni, L. Ge, G.M. Sangiorgi, G. Stankovic, et al.
Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drugeluting stents.
JAMA, 293 (2005), pp. 2126-2130
[390]
M.J. Eisenberg, P.R. Richard, D. Libersan, K.B. Filion.
Safety of short-term discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy in patients with drug-eluting stents.
Circulation, 119 (2009), pp. 1634-1642
[391]
G.G. Stefanini, B. Kalesan, P.W. Serruys, D. Heg, P. Buszman, A. Linke, et al.
Long-term clinical outcomes of biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease (LEADERS): 4 year follow-up of a randomised non-inferiority trial.
Lancet, 378 (2011), pp. 1940-1948
[392]
U. Baber, R. Mehran, S.K. Sharma, S. Brar, J. Yu, J.W. Suh, et al.
Impact of the everolimuseluting stent on stent thrombosis: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 58 (2011), pp. 1569-1577
[393]
F. Airoldi, A. Colombo, N. Morici, A. Latib, J. Cosgrave, L. Buellesfeld, et al.
Incidence and predictors of drug-eluting stent thrombosis during and after discontinuation of thienopyridine treatment.
Circulation, 116 (2007), pp. 745-754
[394]
S. Schulz, T. Schuster, J. Mehilli, R.A. Byrne, J. Ellert, S. Massberg, et al.
Stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation: incidence, timing, and relation to discontinuation of clopidogrel therapy over a 4-year period.
Eur Heart J., 30 (2009), pp. 2714-2721
[395]
M. Valgimigli, G. Campo, M. Monti, P. Vranckx, G. Percoco, C. Tumscitz, et al.
Shortversus long-term duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a randomized multicenter trial.
Circulation, 125 (2012), pp. 2015-2026
[396]
H.C. Gwon, J.Y. Hahn, K.W. Park, Y.B. Song, I.H. Chae, D.S. Lim, et al.
Six-month versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents: the Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized, multicenter study.
Circulation, 125 (2012), pp. 505-513
[397]
W.J. Dewilde, T. Oirbans, F.W. Verheugt, J.C. Kelder, B.J. De Smet, J.P. Herrman, et al.
Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial.
Lancet, 381 (2013), pp. 1107-1115
[398]
J. Lindstrom, J. Tuomilehto.
The diabetes risk score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk.
Diabetes Care., 26 (2003), pp. 725-731
[399]
N.H. Pijls, W.F. Fearon, P.A. Tonino, U. Siebert, F. Ikeno, B. Bornschein, et al.
Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: 2-year follow-up of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) study.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 56 (2010), pp. 177-184
[400]
B. De Bruyne, N.H. Pijls, B. Kalesan, E. Barbato, P.A. Tonino, Z. Piroth, et al.
Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease.
N Engl J Med., 367 (2012), pp. 991-1001
[401]
M. Hamilos, O. Muller, T. Cuisset, A. Ntalianis, G. Chlouverakis, G. Sarno, et al.
Longterm clinical outcome after fractional flow reserve-guided treatment in patients with angiographically equivocal left main coronary artery stenosis.
Circulation, 120 (2009), pp. 1505-1512
[402]
A. Ntalianis, J.W. Sels, G. Davidavicius, N. Tanaka, O. Muller, C. Trana, et al.
Fractional flow reserve for the assessment of nonculprit coronary artery stenoses in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 3 (2010), pp. 1274-1281
[403]
V. Jasti, E. Ivan, V. Yalamanchili, N. Wongpraparut, M.A. Leesar.
Correlations between fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound in patients with an ambiguous left main coronary artery stenosis.
Circulation, 110 (2004), pp. 2831-2836
[404]
P. Barlis, J.M. Schmitt.
Current and future developments in intracoronary optical coherence tomography imaging.
EuroIntervention, 4 (2009), pp. 529-533
[405]
N.H. Pijls, P. Van Schaardenburgh, G. Manoharan, E. Boersma, J.W. Bech, M. Van’t Veer, et al.
Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 49 (2007), pp. 2105-2111
[406]
F. Prati, E. Regar, G.S. Mintz, E. Arbustini, C. Di Mario, I.K. Jang, et al.
Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis.
Eur Heart J., 31 (2010), pp. 401-415
[407]
F.D. Loop, B.W. Lytle, D.M. Cosgrove, R.W. Stewart, M. Goormastic, G.W. Williams, et al.
Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events.
N Engl J Med., 314 (1986), pp. 1-6
[408]
M. Endo, H. Nishida, TomizawaY, H. Kasanuki.
Benefit of bilateral over single internal mammary artery grafts for multiple coronary artery bypass grafting.
Circulation, 104 (2001), pp. 2164-2170
[409]
R. Dion, D. Glineur, D. Derouck, R. Verhelst, P. Noirhomme, G. El Khoury, et al.
Longterm clinical and angiographic follow-up of sequential internal thoracic artery grafting.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg., 17 (2000), pp. 407-414
[410]
D.P. Taggart, R. D’Amico, D.G. Altman.
Effect of arterial revascularisation on survival: a systematic review of studies comparing bilateral and single internal mammary arteries.
Lancet., 358 (2001), pp. 870-875
[411]
J.B. Grau, G. Ferrari, A.W. Mak, R.E. Shaw, M.E. Brizzio, B.P. Mindich, et al.
Propensity matched analysis of bilateral internal mammary artery versus single left internal mammary artery grafting at 17-year follow-up: validation of a contemporary surgical experience.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg., 41 (2012), pp. 770-775
[412]
P.A. Kurlansky, E.A. Traad, M.J. Dorman, D.L. Galbut, M. Zucker, G. Ebra.
Thirty-year follow-up defines survival benefit for second internal mammary artery in propensity-matched groups.
Ann Thorac Surg., 90 (2010), pp. 101-108
[413]
D.P. Taggart, D.G. Altman, A.M. Gray, B. Lees, F. Nugara, L.M. Yu, et al.
Randomized trial to compare bilateral vs. single internal mammary coronary artery bypass grafting: 1-year results of the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART).
Eur Heart J., 31 (2010), pp. 2470-2481
[414]
T. Athanasiou, S. Saso, C. Rao, J. Vecht, J. Grapsa, J. Dunning, et al.
Radial artery versus saphenous vein conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery: forty years of competition: which conduit offers better patency?. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg., 40 (2011), pp. 208-220
[415]
U. Benedetto, E. Angeloni, S. Refice, R. Sinatra.
Radial artery versus saphenous vein graft patency: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 139 (2010), pp. 229-231
[416]
P. Collins, C.M. Webb, C.F. Chong, N.E. Moat.
Radial artery versus saphenous vein patency randomized trial: five-year angiographic follow-up.
Circulation, 117 (2008), pp. 2859-2864
[417]
S. Deb, E.A. Cohen, S.K. Singh, D. Une, A. Laupacis, S.E. Fremes.
Radial artery and saphenous vein patency more than 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from RAPS (Radial Artery Patency Study).
J Am Coll Cardiol., 60 (2012), pp. 28-35
[418]
H. Takagi, T. Tanabashi, N. Kawai, T. Kato, T. Umemoto.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass sacrifices graft patency: meta-analysis of randomized trials.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 133 (2007), pp. e2-e3
[419]
A.L. Shroyer, F.L. Grover, B. Hattler, J.F. Collins, G.O. McDonald, E. Kozora, et al.
Onpump versus off-pump coronary-artery bypass surgery.
N Engl J Med., 361 (2009), pp. 1827-1837
[420]
E. Buffolo, J.C. Andrade, J.E. Succi, L.E. Leao, C. Cueva, J.N. Branco, et al.
[Direct revascularization of the myocardium without extracorporeal circulation Description of the technic and preliminary results].
Arq Bras Cardiol., 38 (1982), pp. 365-373
[421]
A. Lamy, P.J. Devereaux, D. Prabhakaran, D.P. Taggart, S. Hu, E. Paolasso, et al.
Offpump or on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting at 30 days.
N Engl J Med., 366 (2012), pp. 1489-1497
[422]
J. Afilalo, M. Rasti, S.M. Ohayon, A. Shimony, M.J. Eisenberg.
Off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: an updated meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials.
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 1257-1267
[423]
E.L. Hannan, C. Wu, C.R. Smith, R.S. Higgins, R.E. Carlson, A.T. Culliford, et al.
Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: differences in short-term outcomes and in long-termmortality and need for subsequent revascularization.
Circulation, 116 (2007), pp. 1145-1152
[424]
J.D. Puskas, V.H. Thourani, P. Kilgo, W. Cooper, T. Vassiliades, J.D. Vega, et al.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass disproportionately benefits high-risk patients.
Ann Thorac Surg., 88 (2009), pp. 1142-1147
[425]
O. Kuss, B. Von Salviati, J. Borgermann.
Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis of propensity score analyses.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 140 (2010), pp. e8351-e8413
[426]
S. Chatterjee, D. Chaudhuri, R. Vedanthan, V. Fuster, B. Ibanez, S. Bangalore, et al.
Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome — A meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Int J Cardiol., 168 (2013), pp. 915-921
[427]
P.W. Serruys, M.C. Morice, A.P. Kappetein, A. Colombo, D.R. Holmes, M.J. Mack, et al.
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 360 (2009), pp. 961-972
[428]
P.W. Serruys, Y. Onuma, S. Garg, G. Sarno, M. Van den Brand, A.P. Kappetein, et al.
Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study.
EuroIntervention., 5 (2009), pp. 50-56
[429]
R.O. Bonow, G. Maurer, K.L. Lee, T.A. Holly, P.F. Binkley, P. Desvigne-Nickens, et al.
Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.
N Engl J Med., 364 (2011), pp. 1617-1625
[430]
E.J. Velazquez, K.L. Lee, M.A. Deja, A. Jain, G. Sopko, A. Marchenko, et al.
Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
N Engl J Med., 364 (2011), pp. 1607-1616
[431]
P. Erne, A.W. Schoenenberger, D. Burckhardt, M. Zuber, W. Kiowski, P.T. Buser, et al.
Effects of percutaneous coronary interventions in silent ischemia after myocardial infarction: the SWISSI II randomized controlled trial.
JAMA., 297 (2007), pp. 1985-1991
[432]
J.K. Madsen, P. Grande, K. Saunamaki, P. Thayssen, E. Kassis, U. Eriksen, et al.
Danish multicenter randomized study of invasive versus conservative treatment in patients with inducible ischemia after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (DANAMI) DANish trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Circulation., 96 (1997), pp. 748-755
[433]
J.K. Madsen, T.T. Nielsen, P. Grande, U.H. Eriksen, K. Saunamaki, P. Thayssen, et al.
Revascularization compared to medical treatment in patients with silent vs. symptomatic residual ischemia after thrombolyzed myocardial infarction: the DANAMI study.
Cardiology., 108 (2007), pp. 243-251
[434]
J.S. Hochman, G.A. Lamas, C.E. Buller, V. Dzavik, H.R. Reynolds, S.J. Abramsky, et al.
Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction.
N Engl J Med., 355 (2006), pp. 2395-2407
[435]
Z.R. Yousef, S.R. Redwood, C.A. Bucknall, A.N. Sulke, M.S. Marber.
Late intervention after anterior myocardial infarction: effects on left ventricular size, function, quality of life, and exercise tolerance: results of the Open Artery Trial (TOAT Study).
J Am Coll Cardiol., 40 (2002), pp. 869-876
[436]
P.G. Steg, C. Thuaire, D. Himbert, D. Carrie, S. Champagne, D. Coisne, et al.
DECOPI (DEsobstruction COronaire en Post- Infarctus): a randomized multi-centre trial of occluded artery angioplasty after acute myocardial infarction.
Eur Heart J., 25 (2004), pp. 2187-2194
[437]
Thrombolysis.
in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial.
N Engl J Med., 321 (1989), pp. 612
[438]
SWIFT.
trial of delayed elective intervention v conservative treatment after thrombolysis with anistreplase in acute myocardial infarction.
SWIFT (Should We Intervene Following Thrombolysis?.) Trial Study Group. BMJ., 302 (1991), pp. 555-560
[439]
G.I. Barbash, A. Roth, H. Hod, M. Modan, H.I. Miller, S. Rath, et al.
Randomized controlled trial of late in-hospital angiography and angioplasty versus conservative management after treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction.
Am J Cardiol., 66 (1990), pp. 538-545
[440]
F.W. Verheugt, Lyse now.
stent later: the grace of GRACIA.
Lancet., 364 (2004), pp. 1014-1015
[441]
J.P. Collet, G. Montalescot, M. Le May, M. Borentain, A. Gershlick.
Percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis: a multiple meta-analyses approach according to the type of strategy.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 48 (2006), pp. 1326-1335
[442]
M.E. Pfisterer, M.J. Zellweger, B.J. Gersh.
Management of stable coronary artery disease.
Lancet., 375 (2010), pp. 763-772
[443]
A. Cassar, D.R. Holmes Jr., C.S. Rihal, B.J. Gersh.
Chronic coronary artery disease: diagnosis and management.
Mayo Clin Proc., 84 (2009), pp. 1130-1146
[444]
G.C. Kaiser, K.B. Davis, L.D. Fisher, W.O. Myers, E.D. Foster, E.R. Passamani, et al.
Survival following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe angina pectoris (CASS) An observational study.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 89 (1985), pp. 513-524
[445]
Yusuf S, Zucker D, Chalmers TC. Ten-year results of the randomized control trials of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: tabular data compiled by the collaborative effort of the original trial investigators. Part 1 of 2. Online J Curr Clin Trials. 1994; (145).
[446]
R.H. Jones, K. Kesler, H.R. Phillips 3rd, D.B. Mark, P.K. Smith, C.L. Nelson, et al.
Longterm survival benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 111 (1996), pp. 1013-1125
[447]
C.S. Rihal, D.L. Raco, B.J. Gersh, S. Yusuf.
Indications for coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic stable angina: review of the evidence and methodological considerations.
Circulation, 108 (2003), pp. 2439-2445
[448]
R.E. Vlietstra, J.L. Assad-Morell, R.L. Frye, L.R. Elveback, D.C. Connolly, E.L. Ritman, et al.
Survival predictors in coronary artery disease. Medical and surgical comparisons.
Mayo Clin Proc., 52 (1977), pp. 85-90
[449]
E.L. Alderman, L.D. Fisher, P. Litwin, G.C. Kaiser, W.O. Myers, C. Maynard, et al.
Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS).
Circulation., 68 (1983), pp. 785-795
[450]
C.M. O’Connor, E.J. Velazquez, L.H. Gardner, P.K. Smith, M.F. Newman, K.P. Landolfo, et al.
Comparison of coronary artery bypass grafting versus medical therapy on long-term outcome in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (a 25-year experience from the Duke Cardiovascular Disease Databank).
Am J Cardiol., 90 (2002), pp. 101-107
[451]
K.G. Tarakji, R. Brunken, P.M. McCarthy, M.O. Al-Chekakie, A. Abdel-Latif, C.E. Pothier, et al.
Myocardial viability testing and the effect of early intervention in patients with advanced left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Circulation., 113 (2006), pp. 230-237
[452]
TsuyukiRT, F.M. Shrive, P.D. Galbraith, M.L. Knudtson, M.M. Graham.
Revascularization in patients with heart failure.
CMAJ., 175 (2006), pp. 361-365
[453]
E. Passamani, K.B. Davis, M.J. Gillespie, T. Killip.
A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery Survival of patients with a low ejection fraction.
N Engl J Med., 312 (1985), pp. 1665-1671
[454]
V. Dzavik, W.A. Ghali, C. Norris, L.B. Mitchell, A. Koshal, L.D. Saunders, et al.
Long-term survival in 11,661 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in the era of stenting: a report from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) Investigators.
Am Heart J., 142 (2001), pp. 119-126
[455]
E.L. Jones, W.S. Weintraub.
The importance of completeness of revascularization during long-term follow-up after coronary artery operations.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 112 (1996), pp. 227-237
[456]
W.O. Myers, H.V. Schaff, B.J. Gersh, L.D. Fisher, A.S. Kosinski, M.B. Mock, et al.
Improved survival of surgically treated patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease and severe angina pectoris. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 97 (1989), pp. 487-495
[457]
P.K. Smith, R.M. Califf, R.H. Tuttle, L.K. Shaw, K.L. Lee, E.R. Delong, et al.
Selection of surgical or percutaneous coronary intervention provides differential longevity benefit.
Ann Thorac Surg., 82 (2006), pp. 1420-1428
[458]
E. Varnauskas.
Twelve-year follow-up of survival in the randomized European Coronary Surgery Study.
N Engl J Med., 319 (1988), pp. 332-337
[459]
W. Hueb, N. Lopes, B.J. Gersh, P.R. Soares, E.E. Ribeiro, A.C. Pereira, et al.
Ten-year follow-up survival of the Medicine Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II): a randomized controlled clinical trial of 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease.
Circulation., 122 (2010), pp. 949-957
[460]
W.O. Myers, B.J. Gersh, L.D. Fisher, M.B. Mock, D.R. Holmes, H.V. Schaff, et al.
Medical versus early surgical therapy in patients with triplevessel disease and mild angina pectoris: a CASS registry study of survival.
Ann Thorac Surg., 44 (1987), pp. 471-486
[461]
R.F. Davies, A.D. Goldberg, S. Forman, C.J. Pepine, G.L. Knatterud, N. Geller, et al.
Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study two-year follow-up: outcomes of patients randomized to initial strategies of medical therapy versus revascularization.
Circulation, 95 (1997), pp. 2037-2043
[462]
M.F. Di Carli, J. Maddahi, S. Rokhsar, H.R. Schelbert, D. Bianco-Batlles, R.C. Brunken, et al.
Long-term survival of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: implications for the role of myocardial viability assessment in management decisions.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 116 (1998), pp. 997-1004
[463]
P. Sorajja, P. Chareonthaitawee, N. Rajagopalan, T.D. Miller, R.L. Frye, D.O. Hodge, et al.
Improved survival in asymptomatic diabetic patients with high-risk SPECT imaging treated with coronary artery bypass grafting.
Circulation, 112 (2005), pp. I311-I316
[464]
M.A. Hlatky, H.E. Cotugno, D.B. Mark, C. O’Connor, R.M. Califf, D.B. Pryor.
Trends in physician management of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, 1970 to 1987.
Am J Cardiol., 61 (1988), pp. 515-518
[465]
L.J. Shaw, W.S. Weintraub, D.J. Maron, P.M. Hartigan, R. Hachamovitch, J.K. Min, et al.
Baseline stress myocardial perfusion imaging results and outcomes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease randomized to optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention.
Am Heart J., 164 (2012), pp. 243-250
[466]
T. Takaro, H.N. Hultgren, M.J. Lipton, K.M. Detre.
The VA cooperative randomized study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease II Subgroup with significant left main lesions.
Circulation., 54 (1976), pp. III107-III117
[467]
T. Takaro, H.N. Hultgren, K.M. Detre, P. Peduzzi.
The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of stable angina: current status.
Circulation., 65 (1982), pp. 60-67
[468]
S. Yusuf, D. Zucker, P. Peduzzi, L.D. Fisher, T. Takaro, J.W. Kennedy, et al.
Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration.
Lancet., 344 (1994), pp. 563-570
[469]
H.A. Taylor, N.J. Deumite, B.R. Chaitman, K.B. Davis, KillipT, W.J. Rogers.
Asymptomatic left main coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry.
Circulation, 79 (1989), pp. 1171-1179
[470]
E.A. Caracciolo, K.B. Davis, G. Sopko, G.C. Kaiser, S.D. Corley, H. Schaff, et al.
Comparison of surgical and medical group survival in patients with left main equivalent coronary artery disease Long-term CASS experience.
Circulation, 91 (1995), pp. 2335-2344
[471]
M.R. Patel, G.J. Dehmer, J.W. Hirshfeld, P.K. Smith, J.A. Spertus.
ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/SCCT 2012 Appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization focused update: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 59 (2012), pp. 857-881
[472]
A.F. Parisi, E.D. Folland, P. Hartigan.
A comparison of angioplasty with medical therapy in the treatment of single-vessel coronary artery disease Veterans Affairs ACME Investigators.
N Engl J Med., 326 (1992), pp. 10-16
[473]
B. Pitt, D. Waters, W.V. Brown, A.J. Van Boven, L. Schwartz, L.M. Title, et al.
Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators.
N Engl J Med., 341 (1999), pp. 70-76
[474]
Coronary angioplasty.
versus medical therapy for angina: the second Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA-2) trial RITA-2 trial participants.
Lancet., 350 (1997), pp. 461-468
[475]
Trial of invasive versus medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary-artery disease (TIME): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2001; 358: 951-7.
[476]
M. Pfisterer.
Long-term outcome in elderly patients with chronic angina managed invasively versus by optimized medical therapy: four-year follow-up of the randomized Trial of Invasive versus Medical therapy in Elderly patients (TIME).
Circulation, 110 (2004), pp. 1213-1218
[477]
K. Nishigaki, T. Yamazaki, A. Kitabatake, T. Yamaguchi, K. Kanmatsuse, I. Kodama, et al.
Percutaneous coronary intervention plus medical therapy reduces the incidence of acute coronary syndrome more effectively than initial medical therapy only among patients with low-risk coronary artery disease a randomized, comparative, multicenter study.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv., 1 (2008), pp. 469-479
[478]
G.R. Dagenais, J. Lu, D.P. Faxon, K. Kent, R.M. Lago, C. Lezama, et al.
Effects of optimal medical treatment with or without coronary revascularization on angina and subsequent revascularizations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable ischemic heart disease.
Circulation, 123 (2011), pp. 1492-1500
[479]
W. Hueb, N.H. Lopes, B.J. Gersh, P. Soares, L.A. Machado, F.B. Jatene, et al.
Five-year follow-up of the Medicine Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II): a randomized controlled clinical trial of 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease.
Circulation, 115 (2007), pp. 1082-1089
[480]
R. Bugiardini, C.N. Bairey Merz.
Angina with “normal” coronary arteries: a changing philosophy.
JAMA, 293 (2005), pp. 477-484
[481]
D.P. Taggart, R. Boyle, M.A. De Belder, K.A. Fox.
The 2010 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularisation.
Heart., 97 (2011), pp. 445-446
[482]
P. Kolh, W. Wijns, N. Danchin, C. Di Mario, V. Falk, T. Folliguet, et al.
Guidelines on myocardial revascularization.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg., 38 Suppl (2010), pp. S1-S52
[483]
A.P. Kappetein, T.E. Feldman, M.J. Mack, M.C. Morice, D.R. Holmes, E. Stahle, et al.
Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial.
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 2125-2134
[484]
F.W. Mohr, M.C. Morice, A.P. Kappetein, T.E. Feldman, E. Stahle, A. Colombo, et al.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial.
Lancet., 381 (2013), pp. 629-638
[485]
E.L. Hannan, M.J. Racz, G. Walford, R.H. Jones, T.J. Ryan, E. Bennett, et al.
Long-term outcomes of coronary-artery bypass grafting versus stent implantation.
N Engl J Med., 352 (2005), pp. 2174-2183
[486]
D.J. Malenka, B.J. Leavitt, M.J. Hearne, J.F. Robb, Y.R. Baribeau, T.J. Ryan, et al.
Comparing long-term survival of patients with multivessel coronary disease after CABG or PCI: analysis of BARI-like patients in northern New England.
Circulation., 112 (2005), pp. I371-I376
[487]
C. Wu, S. Zhao, A.S. Wechsler, S. Lahey, G. Walford, A.T. Culliford, et al.
Long-term mortality of coronary artery bypass grafting and bare-metal stenting.
Ann Thorac Surg., 92 (2011), pp. 2132-2138
[488]
W.S. Weintraub, M.V. Grau-Sepulveda, J.M. Weiss, S.M. O’Brien, E.D. Peterson, P. Kolm, et al.
Comparative effectiveness of revascularization strategies.
N Engl J Med., 366 (2012), pp. 1467-1476
[489]
S.J. Park, Y.H. Kim, D.W. Park, S.C. Yun, J.M. Ahn, H.G. Song, et al.
Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med., 364 (2011), pp. 1718-1727
[490]
D.P. Taggart, B. Thomas, L. Ferguson.
Coronary artery bypass grafting is still the best treatment for multivessel and left main disease, but patients need to know.
Ann Thorac Surg., 82 (2006), pp. 1966-1975
[491]
W.H. Frishman.
Silent myocardial ischemia: is it a clinical entity that requires therapy?.
Heart Dis., 1 (1999), pp. 263
[492]
P.S. Chan, M.R. Patel, L.W. Klein, R.J. Krone, G.J. Dehmer, K. Kennedy, et al.
Appropriateness of percutaneous coronary intervention.
JAMA., 306 (2011), pp. 53-61
[493]
S. Allender, P. Scarborough, M. O’Flaherty, S. Capewell.
Patterns of coronary heart disease mortality over the 20th century in England and Wales: Possible plateaus in the rate of decline.
BMC Public Health., 8 (2008), pp. 148
[494]
A.H. Maas, Y.T. Van der Schouw, V. Regitz-Zagrosek, E. Swahn, Y.E. Appelman, G. Pasterkamp, et al.
Red alert for women's heart: the urgent need for more research and knowledge on cardiovascular disease in women: proceedings of the workshop held in Brussels on gender differences in cardiovascular disease, 29 September 2010.
Eur Heart J., 32 (2011), pp. 1362-1368
[495]
H. Hemingway, C. Langenberg, J. Damant, C. Frost, K. Pyorala, E. Barrett-Connor.
Prevalence of angina in women versus men: a systematic review and metaanalysis of international variations across 31 countries.
Circulation, 117 (2008), pp. 1526-1536
[496]
A.K. Jacobs, S.F. Kelsey, M.M. Brooks, D.P. Faxon, B.R. Chaitman, V. Bittner, et al.
Better outcome for women compared with men undergoing coronary revascularization: a report from the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation (BARI).
Circulation, 98 (1998), pp. 1279-1285
[497]
W.E. Boden, R.A. O’Rourke, K.K. Teo, D.J. Maron, P.M. Hartigan, S.P. Sedlis, et al.
Impact of optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention on long-term cardiovascular end points in patients with stable coronary artery disease (from the COURAGE Trial).
Am J Cardiol., 104 (2009), pp. 1-4
[498]
R. Bugiardini, A. Pozzati, F. Ottani, G.L. Morgagni, P. Puddu.
Vasotonic angina: a spectrum of ischemic syndromes involving functional abnormalities of the epicardial and microvascular coronary circulation.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 22 (1993), pp. 417-425
[499]
M.A. Khuddus, C.J. Pepine, E.M. Handberg, C.N. Bairey Merz, G. Sopko, A.A. Bavry, et al.
An intravascular ultrasound analysis in women experiencing chest pain in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a substudy from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE).
J Interv Cardiol., 23 (2010), pp. 511-519
[500]
M.F. Piepoli, U. Corra, W. Benzer, B. Bjarnason-Wehrens, P. Dendale, D. Gaita, et al.
Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil., 17 (2010), pp. 1-17
[501]
L.D. Hillis, P.K. Smith, J.L. Anderson, J.A. Bittl, C.R. Bridges, J.G. Byrne, et al.
2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in Collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 58 (2011), pp. e123-e210
[502]
G.N. Levine, E.R. Bates, J.C. Blankenship, S.R. Bailey, J.A. Bittl, B. Cercek, et al.
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.
Circulation., 124 (2011), pp. 2574-2609
[503]
C. Baigent, L. Blackwell, R. Collins, J. Emberson, J. Godwin, R. Peto, et al.
Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials.
Lancet, 373 (2009), pp. 1849-1860
[504]
A. Schomig, F.J. Neumann, A. Kastrati, H. Schuhlen, R. Blasini, M. Hadamitzky, et al.
A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents.
N Engl J Med., 334 (1996), pp. 1084-1089
[505]
M. Pfisterer, C. Kaiser, R. Jeger.
No one-size-fits-all: A tailored approach to antithrombotic therapy after stent implantation.
Circulation., 125 (2012), pp. 471-473
[506]
S. Goldman, K. Zadina, T. Moritz, T. Ovitt, G. Sethi, J.G. Copeland, et al.
Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 44 (2004), pp. 2149-2156
[507]
G.M. Fitzgibbon, H.P. Kafka, A.J. Leach, W.J. Keon, G.D. Hooper, J.R. Burton.
Coronary bypass graft fate and patient outcome: angiographic follow-up of 5,065 grafts related to survival and reoperation in 1,388 patients during 25 years.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 28 (1996), pp. 616-626
[508]
R.F. Riley, C.W. Don, W. Powell, C. Maynard, L.S. Dean.
Trends in coronary revascularization in the United States from 2001 to 2009: recent declines in percutaneous coronary intervention volumes.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes., 4 (2011), pp. 193-197
[509]
R.R. Arora, T.M. Chou, D. Jain, B. Fleishman, L. Crawford, T. McKiernan, et al.
The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and anginal episodes.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 33 (1999), pp. 1833-1840
[510]
S. Warshafsky, D. Packard, S.J. Marks, N. Sachdeva, D.M. Terashita, G. Kaufman, et al.
Efficacy of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors for prevention of stroke.
J Gen Intern Med., 14 (1999), pp. 763-774
[511]
P. Andrell, YuW, P. Gersbach, L. Gillberg, K. Pehrsson, I. Hardy, et al.
Long-term effects of spinal cord stimulation on angina symptoms and quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris: results from the European Angina Registry Link Study (EARL).
Heart, 96 (2010), pp. 1132-1136
[512]
R.S. Taylor, J. De Vries, E. Buchser, M.J. Dejongste.
Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of refractory angina: systematic reviewand meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord., 9 (2009), pp. 13
[513]
K. Fox, I. Ford, P.G. Steg, M. Tendera, R. Ferrari.
Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Lancet., 372 (2008), pp. 807-816
Las declaraciones de conflicto de intereses de los autores y revisores están disponibles en la página web de la ESC: www.escardio.org/guidelines.
Ambos coordinadores contribuyeron de forma similar a la elaboración del presente documento.
Entidades de la ESC que han participado en el desarrollo del presente documento: Asociaciones: Asociación de Cuidados Cardiovasculares Agudos (ACCA), Asociación Europea de Imagen Cardiovascular (EACVI), Asociación Europea de Prevención y Rehabilitación Cardiovascular (EACPR), Asociación Europea de Intervencionismo Cardiovascular Percutáneo (EAPCI) y Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca (HFA).
Grupos de Trabajo: Farmacología Cardiovascular y Tratamiento Farmacológico, Cirugía Cardiovascular, Fisiopatología Coronaria y Microcirculación, Cardiología Nuclear y TC Cardiaca, Trombosis y Resonancia Magnética Cardiovascular.
Consejos: Práctica Clínica de Cardiología y Atención Cardiovascular Primaria.
El contenido de estas guías de práctica clínica de la ESC se publica para uso exclusivamente personal y educativo. No está autorizado su uso comercial. No se autoriza la traducción o reproducción, en ningun formato, de las guías de la ESC ni de ninguna de sus partes sin un permiso escrito de la ESC. Se puede obtener el permiso enviando una solicitud por escrito a Oxford University Press, la empresa editorial de European Heart Journal y representante autorizado de la ESC para gestionar estos permisos.
Descargo de responsabilidad. Las guías de práctica clínica recogen la opinión de la ESC y se han elaborado tras una consideración minuciosa de la evidencia disponible en el momento de redactarlas. Se anima a los profesionales de la sanidad a que las tengan en plena consideración cuando ejerzan su juicio clínico. No obstante, las guías de práctica clínica no deben invalidar la responsabilidad individual de los profesionales de la salud a la hora de tomar decisiones adecuadas a las circunstancias individuales de cada paciente, consultando con el propio paciente y, cuando sea necesario y pertinente, con su tutor o representante legal. También es responsabilidad del profesional de la salud verificar las normas y los reglamentos que se aplican a los fármacos o dispositivos en el momento de la prescripción.
Copyright © 2013. Sociedad Española de Cardiología
