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Vol. 77. Issue 1.
Pages 60-68 (January 2024)
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Vol. 77. Issue 1.
Pages 60-68 (January 2024)
Original article
Diastolic function assessment with left atrial strain in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Evaluación de la función diastólica mediante strain de la aurícula izquierda en largos supervivientes de leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil
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Consuelo Fernández-Avilésa,b,1, Rafael González-Manzanaresa,b,1,
Corresponding author
rafaelglezm@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Soledad Ojedaa,b, José R. Molinac, Gloria Herediaa,b, Adriana Resúaa,b, Francisco Hidalgoa,b, José López-Aguileraa,b, Dolores Mesaa,b, Manuel Anguitaa,b, Juan C. Castilloa,b,2, Manuel Pana,b,2
a Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
b Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
c Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Characteristics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors and controls
Table 2. Cardiotoxic therapies received by the survivors
Table 3. Echocardiographic measurements of CLSs and controls
Table 4. Conventional echocardiographic measurements according to cardiotoxicity risk
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Survivors of childhood cancer might be at increased risk of diastolic dysfunction at follow-up due to exposure to cardiotoxic treatment. Although assessment of diastolic function is challenging in this relatively young population, left atrial strain might provide a novel insight in this evaluation. Our aim was to examine diastolic function in a cohort of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using left atrial strain and conventional echocardiographic parameters.

Methods

Long-term survivors who were diagnosed at a single center between 1985 and 2015 and a control group of healthy siblings were recruited. Conventional diastolic function parameters and atrial strain were compared, and the latter was measured during the 3 atrial phases: reservoir (PALS), conduit (LACS) and contraction (PACS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to account for differences between the groups.

Results

We analyzed 90 survivors (age, 24.6±9.7 years, time since diagnosis 18 [11-26] years) and 58 controls. PALS and LACS were significantly reduced compared with the control group: 46.4±11.2 vs 52.1±11.7; P=.003 and 32.5±8.8 vs 38.2±9.3; P=.003, respectively. Conventional diastolic parameters and PACS were similar between the groups. The reductions in PALS and LACS were associated with exposure to cardiotoxic treatment in age- and sex-adjusted analysis (≥ moderate risk, low risk, controls): 45.4±10.5, 49.5±12.9, 52.1±11.7; Padj=.003, and 31.7±9.0, 35.2±7.5, 38.2±9.3; Padj=.001, respectively.

Conclusions

Long-term childhood leukemia survivors showed a subtle impairment of diastolic function that was detected with atrial strain but not with conventional measurements. This impairment was more pronounced in those with higher exposure to cardiotoxic treatment.

Keywords:
Cardio-oncology
Cardiotoxicity
Diastolic dysfunction
Left atrial strain
Echocardiography
Childhood cancer survivors
Abbreviations:
ALL
LAS
PALS
PACS
LACS
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Los supervivientes a un cáncer infantil expuestos a tratamientos cardiotóxicos podrían tener un mayor riesgo de disfunción diastólica. Aunque la evaluación de la función diastólica puede ser difícil en sujetos jóvenes, el strain de la aurícula izquierda podría facilitar su valoración. Nuestro objetivo es valorar la función diastólica por métodos ecocardiográficos convencionales y strain auricular en una cohorte de largos supervivientes de leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil.

Métodos

Se inscribió a los supervivientes diagnosticados en nuestro centro entre 1985 y 2015 y a un grupo de control de hermanos sanos. Se compararon parámetros convencionales de función diastólica y strain auricular en fases de reservorio (SAr), conducto (SAcd) y contracción (SAct). Se ajustó mediante el inverso de la probabilidad de tratamiento para equilibrar las diferencias entre grupos.

Resultados

Se analizó a 90 supervivientes (edad, 24,6±9,7 años; una mediana de 18 [11-26] años desde el diagnóstico) y a 58 controles. El SAr y el SAcd fueron significativamente menores que en el grupo de control: 46,4±11,2 frente a 52,1±11,7 (p=0,003) y 32,5±8,8 frente a 38,2±9,3 (p=0,003) respectivamente. Los parámetros diastólicos convencionales y el SAct fueron similares. En un análisis ajustado por edad y sexo (riesgo al menos moderado, riesgo bajo, controles), la reducción del SAr y el SAcd se asoció con el grado de exposición a tratamientos cardiotóxicos: 45,4±10,5, 49,5±12,9, 52,1±11,7 (paj=0,003) y 31,7±9,0, 35,2±7,5, 38,2±9,3 (paj=0,001) respectivamente.

Conclusiones

Los largos supervivientes de leucemia infantil presentaron una ligera alteración en la función diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo cuantificada mediante el strain auricular, pero no por parámetros convencionales. Esta alteración fue más marcada en pacientes con mayor exposición a tratamientos cardiotóxicos.

Palabras clave:
Cardio-oncología
Cardiotoxicidad
Disfunción diastólica
Strain de la aurícula izquierda
Ecocardiografía
Supervivientes a cáncer infantil

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